刘春子 喻聪

【摘要】 目的：探析重力喂养联合常规鼻饲在早产儿喂养中的应用效果。方法：选取2017年6月-2018年6月本院儿科收治的90例早产儿，采用随机数字表法将早产儿分为观察组（n=45）和对照组（n=45）。观察组早产儿应用重力喂养+常规鼻饲喂养，对照组仅应用传统鼻饲喂养，比较两组早产儿营养状况、喂养及相关并发症发生情况。结果：观察组开奶时间、出生体重恢复时间、达全胃肠营养时长及住院时长均短于对照组，喂养不耐受发生率及并发症发生率均低于对照组，无脑损伤早产儿占比及NBNA评分均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：早产儿在接受常规鼻饲喂养的基础上加用重力喂养可降低喂养不耐受及喂养并发症发生率，提高无脑损伤占比，改善营养状态及神经行为，值得临床推广应用。

【关键词】 早产儿； 常规鼻饲； 重力喂养； 营养状态； 并发症

【Abstract】 Objective：To analyze the application effect of gravity feeding combined with conventional nasal feeding in feeding premature infants.Method：A total of 90 premature infants admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to June 2018 were selected，they were divided into observation group（n=45） and control group（n=45） by random number table method.In the observation group，premature infants were given gravity feeding combined with conventional nasal feeding，the control group was given traditional nasal feeding，the nutritional status，feeding and related complications of preterm infants in two groups were compared.Result：The observation groups milking time，birth weight recovery time，total gastrointestinal nutrition duration and length of hospital stay were shorter than those of the control group，the incidence of feeding intolerance and the incidence of complications were lower than those of the control group，the proportion of premature infants without brain injury and NBNA scores were higher than those of the control group，there were statistical significance（P<0.05）.Conclusion：Premature infants fed with conventional nasal feeding combined with gravity feeding can reduce feeding intolerance and the incidence of feeding complications，increase the proportion of no brain damage，improve nutritional status and neurobehavioral，it is worthy of clinical application.

【Key words】 Premature infant； Conventional nasal feeding； Gravity feeding； Nutritional status； Complication

First-authors address：Jiangxi Childrens Hospital，Nanchang 330006，China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.33.029

早產儿又称未成熟儿，指胎龄不足37周出生的活产婴儿，此类婴儿体重多在2 500 g以下，头围小于33 cm，因器官发育不完善加之适应能力较差，需要给予特殊护理，进而保证其正常发育。研究发现，早产儿因吸吮及吞咽能力较差，影响营养供应。为保证新生儿能量需求，医者多给予鼻饲喂养，以增强抗病能力，但传统胃管鼻饲法常引发患儿腹胀、呕吐、反流甚至呼吸暂停症状，影响喂养效果。随着医疗卫生事业进步，鼻饲喂养方法得以改进，重力喂养利用重力原理经胃管促使营养物质自然流入胃内，可规避传统鼻饲喂养推注速度过快引发的反流及胃潴留问题，促进早产儿奶量增加，加速全胃肠营养达到时间、改善体格发育、减少并发症、缩短疗程，具有较高现实意义[1]。本文就重力喂养与常规鼻饲在早产儿喂养中的应用价值进行探讨，以期为后续医疗提供参考。……