陈莉

摘 要：运用“以研究者为研究工具”的质性研究方法，对美国波士顿地区两所公立小学以及与小学生相关的体育系统进行深度调查，发现美国小学体育由开放的学校体育课程和立体的社会体育网络共同构成。对我国小学体育改革的启示主要有：在器物层面，小学需要与社区、社会在场地、设施等方面实现共享；在制度层面，小学体育的管理与投入可以采用多方参与的社会治理模式；在认知与精神层面，需普及三维健康观，并从社会文化的高度发展小学体育。

关 键 词：体育课程；小学体育；社会体育系统；质性研究；美国

中图分类号：G807.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2018）06-0112-05

Abstract： By using such a qualitative research method as “using researchers as a research tool”， the author conducted an in-depth investigation on two public elementary schools in the Boston area in the US as well as local sports systems in relation to elementary school students， and found that elementary school physical education in the US is composed jointly by open school physical education courses and 3D social sports networks. Inspirations from elementary school physical education in the US to elementary school physical education reform in China mainly include the followings： at the level of equipment， elementary schools need to realize sharing with communities and society in terms of playground and facility； at the level of system， elementary school physical education management and investment can adopt a social governance mode participated by multiple parties； at the level of cognition and spirit， China needs to popularize the 3D health view， and to develop elementary school physical education from the height of social culture.

Key words： physical education curriculum；elementary school sports；social sports system；qualitative research；USA

2017年黨的十九大报告将全民健身上升为国家战略，提出包括全民健身和竞技体育全面发展的体育强国战略目标。小学体育是这一战略实施的基础，小学体育的发展方向、发展模式可以有哪些选择呢？了解别国的小学体育模式也许可以为我国小学体育改革提供一些新思路。2016—2017年笔者到美国波士顿访学期间，作为教育研究者，除研究之外还申请到公立小学做志愿者，每周两个半天时间到一个二年级班级做教师助理，得以近距离深入观察美国小学的各项活动。与班上孩子们一样，我也最喜欢学校里的体育课。同时我7岁的儿子入读当地另一所公立小学，他在国内上学时非常不喜欢体育课，但在美国小学，体育成为他最喜欢的课程，还对篮球、足球、滑冰等当地孩子热爱的运动产生强烈兴趣。……