同位语用法小结、长句分析
2018-01-06吉静
吉静
一、同位语用法小结
一个名词(或其他形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,这个名词(或其他形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它解释说明的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
Such is my hometown, a modern city.
a modern city是my hometown的同位语。
用法1
什么词可以做同位语?
名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、同位语从句。
Kate, my young sister, is fond of classical music. (名词my young sister作同位语)
He has set a good example to us all. (代词all作同位语)
You are the most diligent among us five. (数词five作同位语)
My hobbies, jogging and swimming, are of great benefit to my health. (动名词jogging and swimming作同位语)
Your dream, to be a pilot, will come true. (不定式to be a pilot作同位语)
The news that our team had won the final made us excited and proud. (that引导的从句作同位语)
用法2
如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗号隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗号隔开。
Mike told me that his sister Mary is a world-famous actress.
(Mary单一的词作同位语,与其同位成分his sister之间不用逗号隔开。)
The other day I came across my former maths teacher, Miss Green.
(同位语Miss Green补充解释my former maths teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗号隔开。)
用法3
同位语既可以表示其同位成分的全部意义,也可以表示部分意义。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
She is keen on sports, especially ball games.
用法4 同位语从句
在主从复合句中,通常跟在某些抽象名词的后面,对该名词起解释说明作用的从句称为同位语从句。抽象名词常见的有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等。
1.同位语从句的位置
通常情况下,同位语从句跟在抽象名词的后面。但如果同位语从句大大长于整个谓语,为了保持句子结构的平衡,避免头重脚轻,可将同位语从句放到谓语的后面,这种同位语从句称为分隔式同位语从句。
There is no doubt that he will pass the exam. 毫无疑问,他会通过考试。
An idea suddenly occurred to Jenny that she could buy Mum a watch for her birthday present. Jenny突然想到她可以买块手表送给妈妈作生日礼物。
高考链接
There is clear evidence the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. (2011上海卷)
A. what B. if
C. how D. that
【答案】 D。
【分析】 本题考查同位语从句,从句中不缺成分不含疑问,因此选that引导同位语从句解释说明evidence的具体内容。……
