胥爱欢+李红燕

摘 要：区块链技术作为数字普惠金融的重要底层技术，对于提升金融精准扶贫服务效能具有重要的促进作用。它有助于实现金融扶贫中帮扶对象的精准识别，有助于社会效益和经济效益的有机统一，有助于参与各方形成有效合力，有助于形成多方共赢的金融精准扶贫架构和模式。但是，区块链技术在金融精准扶贫领域应用也面临着诸多挑战，比如基础设施等现实条件尚未完全具备、技术尚未完全成熟达到应用要求、技术研发和应用人才资源比较缺乏等。为此，建议建立扶贫开发区块链助困系统，研究制定支持“区块链+精准扶贫”应用场景发展的优惠配套政策，积极搭建“区块链+精准扶贫”应用场景技术的协同创新平台和机制，加快推进“区块链+精准扶贫”应用场景先行先试。

关 键 词：区块链技术；金融精准扶贫；普惠金融；金融科技

中图分类号：F832.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2096-2517（2017）05-0034-07

Abstract： Block chain technology， as an important technology of digital inclusive finance， has an important role in promoting the effectiveness of financial targeted poverty alleviation services. It is helpful to realize the accurate identification of targets of aid in financial targeted poverty alleviation， and is helpful to achieve the integration of social benefits and economic benefits. Block chain technology is also helpful in promoting the formation of multi-win-win financial targeted poverty alleviations structure and model. However， the application of block chain technology in the field of financial targeted poverty alleviation is also facing many challenges， such as incomplete infrastructure， underdeveloped technology， shortage of professional personnel. In response， it is suggested that the block chain supporting system of poverty alleviation should be established， preferential policies to support the application of “block chain + targeted poverty alleviation” should be formulated. And we should also actively build “block chain + targeted poverty alleviation” application scenario technology collaborative innovation platform and mechanism， and speed up the “block chain + targeted poverty alleviation” application scenarios pilot application.

Key words： block chain technology； financial targeted poverty alleviation； inclusive finance； financial technology

一、引言

改革開放30多年来， 我国脱贫攻坚取得了举世瞩目的成绩，已有超过7亿人摆脱了贫困。虽然我国贫困人口数量大幅减少， 但是仍有超过7000万人处于贫困状态。 按照全面建设小康社会的要求， 到2020年我国现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫，贫困县全部摘帽，解决区域性整体贫困。目前扶贫工作进入了攻坚拔寨的冲刺期。 精准扶贫、精准脱贫是新时期脱贫攻坚的基本方略，金融扶贫是脱贫攻坚的关键举措。传统的金融扶贫主要依靠金融机构物理网点延伸和经营网络布局完善向帮扶对象提供金融服务。……