巩爱凌

[摘 要]我国早在“九五”期间就提出转变粗放型外贸发展方式的方针，但历经多年却并未取得实质性转变。普遍认为中国的禀赋条件决定了外贸出口的粗放发展，但事实上市场扭曲才是其粗放发展的决定性因素。在扭曲的市场机制下，“看不见的手”所导引的“自利趋于公益”的经济运行规律被破坏，出口企业的“自利动机”与转型升级呈现矛盾性，转型升级只是空谈，外贸出口在粗放发展的恶性循环中无法自拔。由于市场扭曲是造成困境的根本性原因，因此摆脱困境的出路在于尊重市场规律，复位市场主体，培育优秀企业。

[关键词]市场经济；市场扭曲；外贸出口；“看不见的手”；全球价值链

[中图分类号]F124 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372（2017）03-0043-07

On the predicament and the way of upgrading and transforming the foreign trade exports from the perspective of market economy

GONG Ai-ling

（School of Economics and Trade， Qingdao University of Technology， Qingdao 266520， China）

Abstract：Chinese government puts forward the policy of changing the extensive development mode of export as early as the Ninth Five-Year Plan， but since then there has been no significant achievements. It is commonly acknowledged that the endowment determines the extensive developments of Chinas export， but actually the market distortion is the decisive factor. In the distorted market mechanism， the economic operating law of “self-interest tends to the public benefit”guided by “the invisible hand” has been destroyed. The “self-interest motive” and the transformation and upgrading of export enterprises are contradictory. The transformation and upgrading is just an empty talk， and thus， the export of foreign trade cannot extricate itself from the vicious cycle of extensive development. For the reason that the market distortion is a fundamental cause of the dilemma， the way out of the dilemma is to respect the market law， reset market subject， and cultivate outstanding enterprises.

Key words：market economy； market distortion； foreign trade； “the invisible hand”； global value chain

一、問题的提出

转变粗放型外贸发展方式是我国早在“九五”期间就提出的方针，但历经多年，我国外贸发展方式却并未取得实质性转变。尽管“中国制造”产品铺天盖地般出口到世界各个国家，但出口产品却严重缺乏自主知识产权、自有品牌、自控营销渠道。在“世界工厂”模式下，出口企业深陷在全球价值链分工体系的底部环节，从事低附加值、高能耗、高污染的制造加工。虽然“中国制造”的价格优势征服了全球市场，由此中国成为世界上最大的货物贸易出口国，但背后的代价却是中国国内环境的恶化、能源的耗竭与劳工的廉价，这种难以承载的代价使中国民众越来越感到不堪重负。从现有中国外贸出口……