徐磊磊+刘海清+金琰+侯媛媛+赵云龙

摘 要 为正确认识海南省水资源开发利用特点及在开发利用过程中存在的主要问题，对海南省水资源开发利用（供水、用水、耗水、水资源利用、开发利用程度）进行了详细分析，指出海南省水资源特点：总量丰富，人均占有量多；时空分布不均，年际年内差异大；抗扰能力差，天然存蓄能力弱；供给需求不同步，对工程依赖程度高。水资源开发利用过程中存在的主要问题：用水效率较低，局部供需矛盾并存；水利基础设施不完善，抵御自然灾害防御能力有限；用水计量制度不健全，水费征收困难；地下水漏斗存在，污废水排放未得到有效遏制。文中还针对存在的问题给出了相关建议。

关键词 海南省 ；水资源 ；开发利用

中图分类号 TV213 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.09.024

Characteristics of and Problems from Development and

Utilization of Water Resources in Hainan Province

XU Leilei LIU Haiqing JIN Yan HOU Yuanyuan ZHAO Yunlong

（Institute of Scientific and Technical Information， CATAS， Danzhou， Hainan 571737）

Abstract In order to have a good understanding of the characteristics of and the main problems from exploitation and utilization of water resources in Hainan Province， the development and utilization of water resources （water supply， water use， water consumption， water utilization and quality） were analyzed. The water resources were rich in total amount and per capita， unevenly distributed in space and time， highly different within a year and between years， poor in resistance to natural interference， weak in natural storage， inconsistent in supply and demand， highly dependent on construction works. The main problems arising from the water development included low efficiency of water use with contradiction in local supply and demand； limited capability of withstanding natural disasters because of the imperfect construction works for water resources； difficulty in collection of water fees due to poor availability of water metering system； existence of groundwater funnels with discharge of sewage and waste water. Some suggestions on solution to the problems were put forward.

Keywords Hainan province ； water resources ； development and utilization

水資源是最重要的基础性自然资源和稀缺的战略性经济资源，涉及到社会经济的各个层面，任何国家及地区的经济发展都离不开它，其健康安全直接关系着区域、地区或国家人口、资源、环境的协调发展，以及经济社会的可持续发展。海南省用水完全来源于本地区的淡水资源，外来水系补给相对缺乏，而水资源（主要指淡水资源）匮乏，往往成为限制该省经济发展的决定性因素之一[1-3]。随着国际旅游岛建设的不断深入，海南省人口尤其是旅游人次及候鸟人群不断增长，经济发展和人民生活水平不断提高，需水量日益增加，而水资源综合开发利用所面临的形势也愈发严峻。……