张东华+汪庆平

摘 要 珠芽魔芋植株适宜热区林下套种，但遮荫导致高大植株耗去过多养分，叶面球茎数量稀少，繁殖系数受限，制约了种芋的数量。采用多效唑、烯效唑及矮壮素3种矮化剂抑制地下球茎顶芽优势，促使魔芋植株趋于矮化粗壮，控制魔芋顶芽植株在遮荫环境条件下过度生长，有效矮化了植株，并使营养物质充分用于叶面球茎中干物质的积累。对于较大的球茎，可将掰除顶芽与喷施化学矮化剂相结合以促进侧芽生长和植株矮化，从而达到丰产叶面球茎的目的。对不同重量的繁殖材料，植株矮化率为24%～48%， 叶面球茎数量平均增加率达65%～160%。

关键词 珠芽魔芋 ；矮化 ；叶面球茎 ；繁殖系数

中图分类号 S632.3 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.09.003

High Yielding Cultural Practices for Producing Bulbils from

Amorphophallus bulbifer by Dwarfing

ZHANG Donghua1） WANG Qingping2）

（1 School of Chemistry & Environment， Yunnan Minzu University， Kunming， Yunnan 650031；

2 Research Institute of Quality Standard and Detection Technology， YAAS，

Kunming， Yunnan 650223）

Abstract Amorphophallus bulbifer is suitable for planting under forests or plantations in the tropical areas， but the shade brings about high uptake of nutrients of the high plants of A. bulbifer and low production of bulbils on the leaves for propagation. A. bulbifer plants were treated with paclobutrazol， uniconazole or chlormequat chloride to inhibit their apical dominance of the corm， which will facilitate their plants to grow dwarf and robust and control their overgrowth under the shade， leading to dwarfing and conversion of the nutrients into dry matter in the bulbils of the leaves. For large corms the apical buds were removed and the corm were sprayed with the chemical agents to allow emergence of lateral buds and dwarf growth of the plants to produce more bulbils on the leaves. For corms of different weight， the treatments produced a plant dwarfing rate of 24% to 48%， and the number of bulbils produced was increased by 65% to 160%.

Keywords Amorphophallus bulbifer ； dwarfing ； bulbils ； propagation coefficient

魔芋是植物中唯一能從其中大量提取葡甘聚糖的植物，仅在亚洲有规模化种植[1]。因种植周期长、繁殖系数低、病害严重，传统种植的魔芋品种属典型的低产作物。据不完全统计，中国魔芋现有种植面积超过13万hm2，但年产魔芋精粉仅2.5万～3万t，发展数十年产量增长缓慢。尽管如此，中国在全球魔芋市场中排名仍为第一。与花魔芋、白魔芋不同，珠芽类魔芋（A. bulbifer）是染色体属三倍体，即2n=39的极少数魔芋种[2]（约有16个品种），这与国内传统种植品种花魔芋和白魔芋染色体组为26或28截然不同，植株外观独特，植株叶面上长有大小不一的棕色扁球形或长形气生叶面球茎（bulbils），是主要的繁殖用材料。而叶面球茎独有的多苗接力生长特性，突破魔芋是独苗作物的现有概念，可大幅度提高植株的叶面积指数，巧妙延长了植株的生长周期，显著增加了魔芋的生物产量。……