“后申遗时代”的反思:我国非物质文化遗产的概念论争
2017-10-19杨文艺顾晓晖
杨文艺 顾晓晖
摘要:2014年第四批国家级非遗名录的公布标志着我国非遗保护进入了“后申遗时代”,然而,“后申遗时代”的实践开拓并未终结“申遗时代”遗留的诸多理论难题。在分析“非物质文化遗产”的概念化过程以及中国文化战略对这一概念的“本土化”改造的基础上,归纳了非遗保护运动以来围绕该概念的不同言说、论争的焦点和实质。认为,当代中国社会语境中的“非物质文化遗产”的概念化过程是一个多元文化力量间的文化博弈、文化协商过程,其中,主流文化对曾经长期被边缘化的文化形态的“征用”,既是这场概念论争的焦点,也必将引发新的文化生态的生成。
关键词:“后申遗时代”;文化遗产;非物质文化遗产;传统文化遗产;命名机制
中图分类号:G123文献标识码:A文章编号:
16721101(2017)03004005
Abstract: The announcing of the fourth list of Chinese state-level intangible culture in 2014 marked a new era named “post -intangible- culture” in history of the heritage protection in China , however, this doesnt naturally bring an end to theoretical disputes in practice, especially disputes on the conception of “intangible culture” and its conceptualization. Based on analysis of the development of the conceptualized “intangible cultural heritage” and its localizing reconstruction in Chinese culture strategy, this paper sums up the focus and nature of the controversies over the concepts emerging since the heritage protection movement. It is proposed that the conceptualization process of the “intangible cultural heritage” in the contemporary Chinese social context is a cultural game between cultural forces, a cultural consultation process in which the mainstream culture has “requisitioned” the cultural form that has been marginalized for a long time. This is the focus of the debate, and also will lead to the formation of new cultural ecology.
Key words:Era of Post- intangible- culture; Cultural Heritage; Intangible Culture Heritage; Traditional Cultural Heritage; Naming Mechanism
新世紀以来迅速“崛起”的非物质文化遗产(以下简称“非遗”)保护运动引发了举国关注,如果以2014年第四批国家级非遗代表作名录的公布为标志,无疑可以将我国非遗保护运动分为“申遗时代”和“后申遗时代”两个明显的发展阶段。历史地审视两个阶段的发展特征,可以发现,“申遗时代”是一个以非遗普查和非遗申报为主要内容的时期,期间重要的具有标志性的事件包括始于2006年大致结束于2009年的3次全国性的非遗普查以及4次国家级非遗项目申报工作,其后,随着2014年第四批国家级非遗名录的公布,我国非遗保护实践进入了一个以“如何科学保护”为重点的“后申遗时代”(宋俊华,2015)。……
