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厦门、金门、琉球的闽南“风狮爷”文化情缘

2017-10-19曾智焕

曾智焕

摘要:风狮爷原是闽南沿海民众为防风、固沙而独创的辟邪镇煞物,并崇奉于闽南文化圈,这一现象在厦门、金门、琉球三岛尤为明显。该物常设立于建物的门或屋顶、村落的高台等处,用来替人、家宅、村落避邪镇煞。其造型推测是由庙宇门口的石狮形象演变而来的,特点是狮面人身、周身彩绘,呈直立状,或威武或俏皮,与北方石狮守门户、保平安不同,风狮爷是镇煞、镇风沙的神兽,寄托了世代闽南沿海人一种祛邪、避灾、祈福的美好愿望。

关键词:厦门;金门;琉球;风狮爷

中图分类号:G229文献标识码:A文章编号:

16721101(2017)03003703

Abstract: Shisa, created as a symbolic matter to ward off evil spirits for windbreak and sand fixation by people along the coast of southern Fujian and worshiped in local culture, is especially conspicuous in the three islands of Xiamen, Kinmen and Ryukyu. It is often set up on buildings roof, door or Village tower etc. to ward off evil spirits for people, houses and villages. It is estimated that the image of Shisa was evolved from stone lions standing in front of the gate of the temple, characterized by a humans body with a lions face, colorful painting, and upright shape, powerful or playful. Unlike stone lions in north China, which embody the wish for security and peace, Shisa is the mythical animal to suppress evils and storms, with the good wishes of generations of people along the coast of southern Fujian.

Key words:Xiamen;Kinmen;Ryukyu;Shisa

厦门、金门、琉球虽然分别由大陆、台湾、日本管辖,但三地有一些相同的文化现象,其中就包括辟邪镇煞物——闽南“风狮爷”。在一些闽南文化圈的地区,你时常会看到一尊尊石狮雕像,其伫立于建物的门或屋顶、村落的高台等处,这一现象在厦门、金门、琉球三岛尤为明显。“风狮爷”体型或高大威武,或娇小精致,周身上下涂滿彩绘,且像古代武将背后插着披风令旗,表情十分俏皮可爱。几百年来这些闽南神兽引来多少信众的顶礼膜拜,且有享不尽的香火供奉。连横的《台湾通史》记载:“屋之上或立土偶,骑马弯弓,状甚威猛,是为蚩尤,谓可厌胜”[1]。这个厌胜就是厌胜物,也就是避邪之物“风狮爷”,传说其造型是由庙门的石狮子演变而来。狮子是百兽之王,闽南沿海的民众自然将狮子的神威与当地人文环境结合,并赋予其具有防风、固沙、祛邪、避灾、祈福的神力。……

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