齐崇文

[摘 要] 数字化是公共文化服务的重要趋势，而由数字技术带来的版权扩张却使公共文化服务与数字版权之间的冲突加剧。公共文化服务与数字版权的冲突本质上是公益与私权的冲突，但“限制私权、维护公益”的惯常做法并不能缓解二者之间的紧张关系。根据权利限制的基本原理，公共文化服务所要实现的“公益”必须建立在版权这一“私权”得到充分实现的基础之上。相对于合理使用和版权补偿金，法定许可更符合平衡公共文化服务中“私权”与“公益”的要求，有必要在版权法框架内对公共文化服务法定许可使用制度进行完善。

[关键词] 公共文化服务 数字版权 权利限制 法定许可

[中图分类号] G254 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1009-5853 （2017） 05-0015-04

On the Realization of Digital Copyright in Public Cultural Service

Qi Chongwen

（Institute of Sciences， East China University of Political Science and Law， Shanghai， 201620）

[Abstract] Digitization is an important trend of public cultural services， but the copyright expansion caused by digital technology has intensified the conflict between public cultural service and digital copyright. The conflict between public cultural service and digital copyright is the contradiction between private right and public interest. However， the practice of restricting private rights and maintaining public interest can not relieve the tension between the two. According to the basic principle of the limitation of rights， the“public interest”to be realized in the public cultural service must be established on the basis of the full realization of the copyright. Relative to the rational use and copyright compensation， statutory license is more suitable for the requirement of balancing“private right”and“public interest”in public cultural service， and it is necessary to improve the system of statutory license of public cultural services in the framework of the copyright law.

[Key words] Public cultural Service digital Copyright restriction of rights Statutory license

2009年肇慶市图书馆因提供影片链接被起诉，2014年南宁市一城区图书馆因上传三部小说供用户下载涉嫌侵权，广泛运用数字技术的公共文化服务已被推至版权问题的风口浪尖。公益性、基本性、均等性、便利性是公共文化服务的基本要求，数字技术的大规模应用使公众“均等”“便利”地享有公共文化服务成为可能，但由数字技术带来的版权扩张却加剧了数字版权与公共文化服务之间的冲突，如何平衡“私权”与“公益”二者之间的关系、促进公共文化服务中数字版权的实现已成为一个亟须解决的问题。

1 公共文化服务中的数字版权

1.1 公共文化服务数字化建设

公共文化服务是以维护公民文化权利、满足公众文……