服装热阻、湿阻的测量方法及影响因素
2017-10-15张文欢钱晓明牛丽
张文欢 钱晓明 牛丽
摘要: 介绍了人体热量散失的两种方式,由此引入服装热阻和湿阻的含义及其表征意义。在此基础上,总结概括了测量纺织品材料、服装面料热阻和湿阻的测量设备及方法,进一步介绍了客观测量服装总热阻、湿阻的设备——出汗暖体假人,对其“两步测量法”与“Walter一步测量法”的测量原理、测量系统、计算方法进行了详细说明。文章还总结分析了服装本身、人体生理活动、环境条件三个方面对服装热阻和湿阻的单因素影响及综合影响。最后說明了服装热湿舒适性研究的具体意义,并展望其未来研究的发展趋势。
关键词: 热湿舒适性;热阻;湿阻;暖体假人;测量方法;影响因素
中图分类号: TS941.17
文献标志码: A
文章编号: 10017003(2017)05004308
引用页码: 051108
Abstract: This paper introduces two methods of human heat loss, and explains the meaning and significance of thermal insulation and moisture resistance of clothing. On this basis, this paper summarizes the measurement equipment and method of thermal insulation and moisture resistance of fabrics and clothing. Besides, this paper further presents the equipment to objectively measure total thermal insulation and moisture resistance of clothingsweating thermal manikin. As well, measurement principle, system and calculation methods of “twostep measurement” and “Walter onestep measurement” are elaborated respectively. Moreover, this paper sums up single factor influence and comprehensive influence of clothing, physiological activity and environmental conditions on thermal insulation and moisture resistance of clothing. Finally, this paper explains the specific significance of heat and moisture comfort research and predicts the future research development trend.
Key words: heat and moisture comfort; thermal resistance; moisture resistance; thermal manikin; measurement methods; influential factor
服装热湿舒适性[1]指着装人体在不同环境条件及人体活动水平下,与环境之间进行热量和水气交换,直至达到平衡状态,并使人体感觉舒适的服装性能。服装热湿舒适性能在各行各业具有广泛的应用,夏季[2]要求服装清爽透气,冬季[3]要求服装保暖性优良。极热环境中[46],服装要隔热降温,如消防服、矿服、液冷服等;极冷环境中,服装要抗寒保暖[78],如防寒服、航空航天服等。热阻和湿阻作为测量服装热湿舒适性的两大重要指标,服装、环境、运动等因素都会对其测量结果造成影响。这对评价服装热湿舒适性能、功能服装设计、热生理学模型建立、出汗暖体假人的改进等方面具有重要意义[9]。目前,黄建华等[10]总结比较了服装热湿舒适性的相关标准;……
