刘景云

内容摘要：《夏圣根赞歌》是一首歌咏西夏圣祖的宏伟史诗，同时，更是一首辉煌的赞颂华夏祖先的史诗。人物事迹，字字有史可循、句句有典可依。其所言“圣根”，除了西夏自己的皇母皇祖而外，还指华夏祖先三皇五帝。

关键词：石城；白河；浊水；黑头；赤面；寻牛；啰都；風角

中图分类号：H211.7；K246 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（2017）04-0043-20

An Epic Poem of the Glory of Ancient China

—A Hymn to the Sacred Origins of the Western Xia

LIU Jingyun

（Shanghai Classics Publishing House， Shanghai 200020；

Cultural Department， Chi Lin Nunnery， Hong Kong， China）

Abstract： A Hymn to the Sacred Origins of the Western Xia is a grand epic poem glorifying the forebears of the Western Xia and ancient China. The characters， episodes， words and phrases in the poem are all traceable back to ancient China. The“sacred origins”include the empresses and empresses dowager of the Western Xia as well as the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors， forefathers of ancient China.

The rhetorical devices and word plays employed in the poem are shrouded in mystery and have intrigued Western Xia experts in the past century， as it is impossible to distinguish between the“sacred origins”and the root of the Western Xia！

Did the Western Xia people not call themselves descendants of Yu the Great（also known as Xiayu） of the Xia dynasty？Did LI Yuanhao， the first Western Xia emperor， not address himself as“emperor of Wind-corner City（风角城）”？By playing with the similarities between the Chinese characters“风”（“几”）and“禹”（“冂”）， LI Yuanhao was actually putting himself among the great emperors of the Xia dynasty dating back to more than three millenniums ago. Is it not a key to unveiling the mystery？

Keywords： Stone City； Bai River； Zhuoshui River； Emperor Shun； Fu Xi， Tang Yao； Yu the Great； Wind Corner

（Translated by Suet-po Loretta Woo）

一

《夏圣根赞歌》抄录于ИНВ.NO.121《聚聚絁寂月月乐诗》等刻本叶背行缝间，是歌颂传说中西夏帝王将相《宫廷诗集》中的一首，阐明了西夏的先祖先王和西夏历史。纸幅25.0×16.5cm。墨色不显，字迹属行楷，文字辨识难度不大。诗句原抄写者以自然空格断句，个别句读仍可斟酌（图1）[1]。

20世纪30年代，俄罗斯西夏学家聂历山与我国西夏学家王静如先生于“西夏国名考”的学术争论中，涉及和披露的西夏“圣根”问题[2]。聂鸿音先生《西夏文〈夏圣根赞歌〉考释》称：“到目前为止，对《夏圣根赞歌》的翻译已有两种，其一是克恰诺夫于1968年发表的俄译和注释，其二是西田龙雄于1986年发表的日译。”[3]加上他自己1990年的汉译本，共有中、俄、日三种译本。西田龙雄的无汉译本，克恰诺夫俄译本于2011年被翻译成汉文[4]。

歌谣首句，最吸引人，也最具争议。“緵邦导保鹏繰碭，秬缸蚀緔窱竤辊，孟羶毋谍繕焊綕”早先被翻译成“黑头石城漠水边，赤面父冢白河上，高弥药国在彼方”[3]19-22。历来对“黑头”、“赤面”、“漠水”、“石城”、“白河”等词，仅仅停留于西夏字面字义的翻译，疏漏了诗歌叙事往往有所寓指、含蓄而多掌故的特点。人们似乎不自觉地离开了西夏历史解读的原点，各自联想猜测，莫衷一是，虽然轰轰烈烈，可是至今整首詩仍然是个谜。……