周文福+崔鑫+曹莉

摘 要：运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、个案研究等方法，分析我国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员专项身体素质训练在时间上和空间上的安排特点。结果：我国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员的专项身体素质训练在过程安排上有单周期、双周期和板块周期等；在训练内容安排上重视运动员专项身体素质训练的全面性，同时还强调身体素质训练与专项技术紧密结合；在训练方法安排上重视素质之间的复合与转移及训练方法手段的创新。结论：我国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员专项身体素质训练具有训练过程强调连续性及阶段性、训练内容重视整体性及互补性、训练方法突出针对性及复合性等特征。

关键词：撑竿跳高；女子；专项身体素质；时空特征

中图分类号：G 808.1 文章编号：1009-783X（2017）04-0367-08 文献标识码：A

Abstract： By using the methods of literature review， expert interview and case study， this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial arrangement of special physical fitness training for Chinese elite women pole vault athletes. The result shows that the special physical fitness training arrangement for elite women pole vaulters in China has single-cycle， double-cycle and tectonic-cycle training methods and so on. On the training content arrangement， it is suggested to pay attention to the comprehensiveness of special physical fitness training and emphasize the combination of physical training and special technology. On the arrangement of training methods， it is suggested to attach importance to the combination and transfer of fitness and the innovation of training methods. Conclusion： The special physical fitness training of elite women pole vaulters in China focuses on continuity and periodic training ， integrity and complementarity in training content， as well as targeted and compound characteristics in training method.

Keywords： pole vault； woman； special physical fitness； temporal and spatial characteristics

早期我國优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员专项身体素质训练，在年度训练过程的时间安排上，分为准备期、比赛期和过渡期；在空间安排上，训练内容、训练负荷及训练方法也随着冬训期、赛前训练期和比赛期的阶段变化而各有侧重。准备期包括冬季训练和春季训练，在准备期各项素质训练指标的训练量占训练总量的百分比最大；比赛期包括竞赛前的训练和竞赛期的训练2个部分，比赛期由于时间较短，各项素质训练指标的训练量占训练总量的百分比减小；过渡期为1个月，训练量与训练强度均较低，过渡期的训练任务主要是消除训练和竞赛的疲劳，进行积极性休息，使运动员的身体有一个逐步恢复的过程，见表1。……