陆平祝 常楚瑞 龙庆德 王晓丽 许德勇

摘要[目的]优化苦参叶生物总碱的提取工艺，并测定其所含的生物碱含量。[方法]采用紫外分光光度法进行单因素试验和正交试验，考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数对苦参叶总生物碱含量的影响，并采用高效液相色谱法对生物碱含量进行测定。[结果]苦参叶生物总碱的最优提取工艺为：料液比1∶25，90 ℃水浴，80%乙醇，回流提取1次，提取时间2 h；苦参叶中苦参碱、槐定碱、氧化苦参碱含量较高。[结论]紫外分光光度法的生物总碱提取率高，稳定性、重现性好；苦参叶含有5种指标性成分，其中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的含量总和符合药典规定含量，叶的潜在应用价值大，为苦参叶的研发提供理论依据。

关键词苦参叶；生物碱；工艺优化；含量测定；紫外分光光度法；HPLC

中图分类号R284.2文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2017）17-0096-04

Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to optimize the extraction process of total alkaloids from Sophora flavescens leaves and determine the alkaloid content.[Method]The single factor test and orthogonal test were carried out by UV spectrophotometry，the optimum conditions of the extraction of total alkaloids from Sophora flavescens leaves were studied by ethanol volume fraction，solidliquid ratio，extraction temperature，extraction time and extraction times.And the content of alkaloids was determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.[Result]The optimal extraction process of total alkaloids from Sophora flavescens leaves was as follows：solidliquid ratio was 1∶25，90 ℃ water bath，80% ethanol，reflux extraction one time，extraction time 2 h.The contents of matrine，sophoridine，oxymatrine were relatively high in Sophora flavescens leaves.[Conclusion] UV spectrophotometric method has stability，reproducibility and higher extraction ratio.Sophora flavescens leaves contain five kinds of indicator components，in which the total content of matrine and oxymatrine meets the requirements of pharmacopoeia.The potential application of the leaves is great，which provides the theoretical basis for the development of Sophora flavescens leaves.

Key wordsSophara flavescens Ait.leaves；Alkaloids；Process optimization；Content determination； UV spectrophotometry；HPLC

基金項目贵州省中药现代化科技产业研究开发专项（黔科合ZY字〔2012〕3004号）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合重大专项字〔2015〕6009-2）。

作者简介陆平祝（1990—），女，侗族，贵州黎平人，硕士研究生，研究方向：中草药研发。*通讯作者，副教授，从事中草药研发工作。

收稿日期2017-03-31

苦参为豆科植物苦参（Sophara flavescens Ait.）的干燥根，其性味苦，性寒，有小毒[1]。作为传统的中药，临床上主要应用其根部，其主要成分含有苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐定碱、槐果碱、氧化槐果碱。在中医临床应用中，苦参与其他中草药配伍，可治疗多种疾病[2-3]。通过现代医学对苦参药理毒性的全面分析和深入试验研究，使苦参的应用范围和领域扩大，苦参原料的用量也逐年增长。……