朱为菊 费小雯 李亚军 邓晓东

摘要[目的]了解海南省养殖水体浮游藻类的群落结构特征。[方法]于2016年4月选取琼海市、万宁市部分养殖水体，采集浮游藻类样品进行测定。[结果]浮游藻类种类数为68种，隶属于7门57属，绿藻门的种类最丰富，为34种，其次是硅藻门19种。浮游藻类细胞密度为1.01×108 cells/L，主要组成为绿藻门、蓝藻门和隐藻门，分别占77.14%、8.80%和8.23%。浮游藻类优势种主要为普通小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）、波吉卵囊藻（Oocystis borgei）、尖尾蓝隐藻（Chroomonas acuta）、绿色颤藻（Oscillatoria chlorina）等，指示水质状态为α-β-中污染。浮游藻类群落Shannon-Wiener指数在0.05～1.78，平均值为0.72；Pielou均匀度指数在0.02～0.69，平均值为0.28。利用多样性指数评价养殖水体水质处于中污染到重污染的状态。[结论]研究结果为养殖水体浮游微藻调控技术提供了基础数据。

关键词浮游藻类；养殖水体；群落结构特征；多样性指数；水质评价；聚类分析

中图分类号S968.4；Q178.1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2017）17-0012-04

Abstract[Objective] To understand the characteristics of planktonic algae community structure of culture ponds.[Method] Investigations were conducted in Qionghai City and Wanning City，Hainan Province in April 2016.[Result] A total of 68 algae species belonging to 57 genera 7 divisions were identified，of which the most abundant were Chlorophyta （34 species），followed by Bacillariophyta （19 species）.The average cell density of planktonic algae was 1.01×108 cells/L.Chlorophyta，Cyanophyta and Cryptophyta were the major groups and contributed 77.14%，8.80% and 8.23% of total cell density，respectively.The dominant species were Chlorella vulgaris，Oocystis borgei，Chroomonas acuta，Oscillatoria chlorine etc.，which indicated the αβms of water quality.The average of ShannonWiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were 0.72 and 0.28，which fluctuated within the range of 0.05-1.78 and 0.02-0.69，respectively.The culture ponds were mediumheavy pollution state based on the diversity index assessment.[Conclusion] This study provides basic data for the technology of microalgae ecological management in culture ponds.

Key wordsPlanktonic algae；Aquaculture system；Community structure characteristics；Diversity index；Water quality assessment；Clustering analysis

基金項目海南省重点科技计划项目（ZDYF2016021）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（ITBB2015ZD03）。

作者简介朱为菊（1980—），女，山东泰安人，助理研究员，博士，从事藻类水质调控研究。*通讯作者，研究员，博士，从事藻类分子生物学研究。

鸣谢感谢海南省正强超越生化技术开发有限公司在野外藻类资源收集中给予大力支持。

收稿日期2017-03-31

人工水产养殖水体是简单而脆弱的生态系统，在该系统中浮游藻类是重要的生物类群，对水生态系统物质循环和能量流动起着重要作用[1]。相关研究表明，有些金藻（等鞭金藻）、硅藻（牟氏角毛藻）可以作為水产养殖动物的开口饵料；……