杜国明，春香，于凤荣，张燕，赵雅倩，关桐桐

（1.东北农业大学资源与环境学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨150030；2.黑龙江省农垦科学院科技情报研究所，黑龙江 哈尔滨150038）

东北地区水田分布格局的时空变化分析

杜国明1，春香1，于凤荣2，张燕1，赵雅倩1，关桐桐1

（1.东北农业大学资源与环境学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨150030；2.黑龙江省农垦科学院科技情报研究所，黑龙江 哈尔滨150038）

东北地区是我国重要的商品粮基地，水稻尤其是粳稻主产区。本文基于东北地区2000-2015年水田空间数据，结合河流数据，采用GIS空间模型和数理统计方法，分析水田分布格局的时空变化，旨在为耕地资源利用与农业现代化研究提供依据。结果表明：1）东北地区水田主要集中分布于东北三大平原的沈阳-长春-哈尔滨一线以及主要河流沿岸区域。2000-2015年东北地区水田由419.15万hm2增加至603.49万hm2，增加了184.34万hm2，年均递增2.93%。2）辽宁、吉林和黑龙江省水田年均变化率分别为-1.06%、0.11%和6.04%，水田相对变化率分别为0.36、0.04、2.06，黑龙江省水田变化幅度高于东北地区平均水平。近15 a东北地区水田重心由长春市向北偏东移动至哈尔滨市，移动距离为159.92 km，移动速度为10.66 km/a。3）东北地区水田变化面积随着与主要河流距离增加而减少，但水田变化优势区在距主要河流35-45 km处。而各省域水田变化河流分异特征也具有一定的差异。

水田；时空格局；区域差异；河流分异特征；东北地区

Abstract：Northeast China is an important grain base for China, especially for rice varieties, like japonica rice. Based on the spatial data of paddy feld from 2000 to 2015 and the data of main rivers in Northeast China and applying the GIS spatial model and mathematical statistics method, this paper analyzed the spatial-temporal patterns of paddy feld change in Northeast China to provide some basic support for the utilization and management of cultivated land resources and research of agricultural modernization. Main results show that: 1) paddy feld of Northeast China are mainly located in the three northeastern plains, including Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin and regions along the rivers. The paddy field in Northeast China increased from 4.191 5 million hm2in 2000 to 6.034 9 million hm2in 2015, increased by 1.843 4 million hm2with an average annual growth rate of 2.93%; 2) the average annual change rates of paddy feld in Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang were -1.06%, 0.11% and 6.04%, respectively and the relative change degree of paddy feld in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang were 0.36, 0.04 and 2.06, respectively. The variation range of paddy feld in Heilongjiang Province is higher than that in Northeast China. In recent 15 years, the gravity center of paddy feld in Northeast China moved from Changchun City to Harbin City, with a moving distance of 159.92 km and an average moving speed of 10.66 km/a; and 3) the area change of paddy feld decreased with the increasing distance to rivers and the advantage paddy feld is located at about 35 to 45 km from the rivers. In addition, differences of paddy feld changes exist because of different characteristics of rivers and regions.

Key words：paddy field; spatial-temporal pattern; regional difference; different characteristics of rivers; Northeast China

优质耕地是实施“藏粮于地”战略的物质基础，水田是优质耕地的重要组成部分。我国正在大力推进“谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”的粮食安全战略，水稻作为最重要的口粮，一定规模的水田成为该战略顺利实施的重要保障。……