张士云，郑晓晓，万伟刚

（安徽农业大学经济管理学院，安徽 合肥 230036）

销售渠道和收储设施对销售价格的影响
——以安徽省种粮大户为例

张士云，郑晓晓，万伟刚

（安徽农业大学经济管理学院，安徽 合肥 230036）

种粮大户是新型农业经营主体的重要组成部分，其健康持续发展不仅关乎我国农业的发展方向，而且关乎亿万农户的切身利益。基于安徽省403户种粮大户的生产经营数据，构建粮食收购市场上买卖双方的议价模型，分析粮食销售渠道和收储设施，探讨种粮大户粮食销售价格的影响因素。结果表明，粮食销售渠道主要有政府（国家粮食收储企业）、合作社、农产品加工企业和个体商贩等，但种粮大户的粮食销售渠道过于单一，以个体商贩为主。晒场和仓库等收储设施情况和销售渠道对种粮大户粮食销售价格有显著影响。在粮食收购市场上，晒场和仓库等必要收储设施的缺乏，使得种粮大户在粮食收获后面临短时期大量售粮的压力，种粮大户在粮食销售时常处于被动地位，被迫接受低于公正基准价格的价格，平均而言最终的销售价格比公正的基准价格低了1.1%。因此，提出通过完善我国的粮食流通市场，完善种粮大户收储设施，解决种粮大户售粮难的问题。

种粮大户；销售价格；销售渠道；收储设施；双边随机边界模型；安徽省

Abstract：Large grain growers are an important part of the new agricultural business entities, and their healthy and sustainable development is not only very important for China’s agricultural developing direction, but also critical to the interests of hundreds of millions of farmers. Based on the production and operation data of 403 large grain growers in Anhui Province, this paper built a bargaining model of buyers and sellers in grain market, analyzed grain distribution channels and collection and storage facilities, and discussed the infuencing factors of grain prices. Results show that, in grain market, main grain distribution channels include government (state grain collection enterprise), cooperatives, agricultural processing companies and individual vendors. The distribution channels of large grain growers are very limited, mainly depending on individual vendors. The infuences of distribution channels and collection and storage facilities on grain prices are signifcant. At the same time, because of the lack of necessary storage facilities, such as sunning grounds and warehouses, large grain growers are under pressure to sell grain in a short time after harvest, making large grain growers often price takers and their prices are 1.1% lower than the market standard prices. Therefore, to help large grain growers maintain ideal prices, this paper suggests to adjust China’s grain circulation market and to improve grain related infrastructures.

Key words：large grain growers; grain prices; distribution channels; collection and storage facilities; two-tier stochastic model; Anhui Province

近10年，以种粮大户为代表的新型农业经营主体大量涌现。政府不断出台相关政策扶持推进新型农业经营主体的健康发展，大量学者展开了对规模经营大讨论，从规模经营的必要性，到规模经营现状、评价标准及规模经营风险，大有“百家争鸣”之势[1]。……