许玉光，杨钢桥，文高辉

（华中农业大学公共管理学院，湖北 武汉430070）

耕地细碎化对耕地利用效率的影响
——基于不同经营规模农户的实证分析

许玉光，杨钢桥*，文高辉

（华中农业大学公共管理学院，湖北 武汉430070）

耕地细碎化是我国现代农业发展面临的突出问题，解决耕地细碎化问题是提高耕地利用效率的关键。基于农户耕地经营规模划分农户类型，利用武汉城市圈部分区县农户调查数据，采用DEA-Tobit模型分析了地块平均面积表征的耕地细碎化对耕地利用效率的影响。研究结果表明：1）小规模农户耕地经营面积平均为0.194 hm2，利用效率为0.360；中规模农户耕地经营面积平均为0.492 hm2，利用效率为0.446；大规模农户耕地经营面积平均为1.179 hm2，利用效率为0.497；耕地利用效率与农户耕地经营规模呈正相关关系。2）耕地细碎化对农户耕地利用效率具有显著的影响，但对不同经营规模农户的影响存在显著差异；耕地细碎化对小规模农户的耕地利用效率具有正向作用，而对中、大规模农户的耕地利用效率具有负向作用；相对于小规模农户而言，细碎化对大规模农户的耕地利用效率的影响较大。因此，提高耕地利用效率，应鼓励耕地流转，为农户规模化经营耕地创造条件；在大力推进农业规模化经营的过程中，应将耕地整治与耕地流转有机结合起来，降低细碎化程度，以提高耕地利用效率。

细碎化；经营规模；耕地利用效率；DEA-Tobit模型；武汉城市圈

Abstract：Arable land fragmentation became a big concern for China’s agricultural modernization. The key to solve the problem is to improve arable land use effciency. Based on farm classifcation data of rural households from Wuhan Metropolitan Area and applying the DEA and Tobit models, this paper analyzed the impacts of arable land fragmentation on land use effciency. Results indicate that 1) the average land scale of small farms is 0.194 hm2with land use effciency of 0.360, the average land scale of medium farms is 0.492 hm2with land use effciency of 0.446, and the average land scale of large farms is 1.179 hm2with land use effciency of 0.497; 2) the relationship between arable land operation scales and land use efficiency is positive; and 3) arable land fragmentation has a remarkable impact on land use effciency, and there exist differences between different scales of farms. Arable land fragmentation has a positive effect on small-scale farms, while it has a negative effect on medium-scale and large-scale farms. Compared with small-scale farms, large-scale farms are more affected by arable land fragmentation. To improve land use effciency, land transfer should be encouraged to create the conditions for moderate scale operations. In the process of promoting agricultural scale operation, arable land consolidation should combine with land transfer to reduce arable land fragmentation.

Key words：fragmentation; operation scales; land use effciency; DEA-Tobit model; Wuhan metropolitan area

耕地细碎化是与耕地规模化经营相对应的土地利用格局，是发展中国家农业存在的主要问题之一[1]。……