寻舸，宋彦科，程星月

（中南林业科技大学经济学院，湖南 长沙 410007）

轮作休耕对我国粮食安全的影响及对策

寻舸，宋彦科，程星月

（中南林业科技大学经济学院，湖南 长沙 410007）

为保障耕地休养生息和农业可持续发展，我国在六大区域内的地下水漏斗区、重金属污染区、生态严重退化区开展耕地轮作休耕制度试点工作。轮作休耕作为一种合理的耕地利用方式，对我国耕地的利用质量和粮食安全将产生深远影响。本文通过分析轮作休耕对我国粮食总产量、质量、供给结构、农民复耕与转移就业等作用机理，探讨其对我国粮食安全的影响。研究认为轮作休耕短期内对我国粮食总产量影响不大，但对粮食质量的提高、粮食供给结构的调整、耕地复耕和农业劳动力转移就业会产生较大影响。因此，提出明确轮作休耕的规模和试点区域；建立轮作休耕与粮食安全结合的宏观调节机制；实施新型职业农民培训工程；轮作休耕需与耕地流转有效结合，实现土地规模化经营；加大轮作休耕土地生态恢复和综合治理技术的研发与推广等对策建议。

轮作休耕；耕地质量；粮食安全；农业劳动力转移；职业农民

Abstract：To protect arable land and to maintain a sustainable development of agriculture in China, the land fallow and crop rotation practice will be adopted in the underground water funnel zones, the heavy metal pollution zones, and the serious ecological degradation zones. As a reasonable way of cultivate arable land, the land fallow and crop rotation practice will have profound impacts on the quality of China’s arable land and grain security. This paper analyzed the infuencing mechanism of the land fallow and crop rotation practice on grain output and quality, grain supply structure, and rural labor transfer and evaluated the impacts of the land fallow and crop rotation practice on China’s grain security. Results indicate that the land fallow and crop rotation practice has great influences on the improvement of grain quality, the adjustment of grain supply structure, the re-cultivation of arable land and the transfer of rural labor force, but with little impact on China’s total grain output. Based on the above analysis, this paper provides the following policy suggestions: defning the scales and pilot areas for land fallow and crop rotation clearly, establishing macroregulation mechanism, implementing professional farmer training projects, combining the land fallow and crop rotation practice and land transfer effectively to realize scale economy, and promoting the research and extension services on the comprehensive treatment and the sustainable cultivation of the fallowed land.

Key words：land fallow and crop rotation; arable land quality; grain security; transfer of agricultural labor force; professional farmers

基于我国粮食生产“十二连增”，相对高库存，国内外供求整体宽裕的现状，在保障国家粮食安全和不影响农民收入的前提下，我国提出《探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点方案》，2016年在六大区域内的地下水漏斗区、重金属污染区、生态严重退化地区进行耕地轮作休耕制度试点工作，其中耕地轮作33.33万hm2，休耕试点7.73万hm2。……