段雅婕++陈晶晶++庞振才++胡玉林++李伟明++胡会刚

摘 要 对豆粕有机质发酵液的发酵条件进行优化，为香蕉枯萎病提供稳定、有效的生物学防治方法。研究采用单因素试验考察不同因素对豆粕有机质发酵的影响，运用正交试验对实验条件进行优化，结果发现，豆粕有机质最佳发酵工艺为豆粕有机质混悬液稀释5倍，红糖浓度为2.0 g/100 mL发酵15 d。为豆粕发酵液进行规模化生产提供了数据支持。

关键词 豆粕有机质 ；发酵液 ；发酵条件 ；优化

中图分类号 S188 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.07.019

Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Soybean Meal Fermented Liquid

DUAN Yajie CHEN Jingjing PANG Zhencai HU Yulin LI Weiming HU Huigang

（South Subtropical Crops Research Institute， CATAS / Ministry of Agriculture Key

Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Fruit Trees， Zhanjiang， Guangdong 524091）

Abstract The fermentation conditions for producing soybean meal fermented liquid was optimized and used to control banana fusarium wilt. Single factor experiment was designed to determine the effect of different factors on the soybean meal fermentation， based on which orthogonal experiments were arranged to optimize the experimental conditions. Some factors that had higher influence on the fermentation of soybean meal organic matter were selected. The orthogonal experiment showed that soybean meal suspension was diluted at a ratio of 1：5 with the brown sugar concentration of 2.0 g/100 ml and fermented for 15 days to produce better soybean meal fermented liquid. This provided data support for commercial production of soybean meal fermented liquid.

Keywords Soybean meal organic matter ； fermented liquid ； fermentation conditions ； optimization

香蕉枯萎病是香蕉生產上一种毁灭性病害，严重威胁着香蕉的正常生长。据检测发现，目前香蕉枯萎病危害最为严重的是4号生理小种，其寄主的香蕉栽培品种范围很广，危害面积最大，是一种香蕉枯萎病的强致病菌，这种菌经过鉴定为真菌，毒性很强，对香蕉栽培生产造成的危险性和毁灭性最大[1-2]。目前，香蕉枯萎病的防治主要采用化学防治和轮作等农业防治措施，而上述防治方法均存在较多的问题[3-4]。经多项实验及田间使用证明，防治土传性病害较有效的方法是改善土壤微生物的群体作用[5]，而使用豆粕有机质发酵液有利于土壤微生物多样性的恢复，可有效控制香蕉枯萎病的发病率，而且不会产生农药残留，不会产生抗药性[6]。通过对豆粕有机质发酵液中微生物的分析，发现其中含有多种对香蕉枯萎病病菌具有拮抗作用的菌株，也是豆粕有机质发酵液防治香蕉枯萎病的主要原因[7]。……