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气动锤铆自动铆接的工艺研究

2017-07-15刘现伟钱炜

有色金属材料与工程 2017年3期

刘现伟+钱炜

摘要: 通过对输入气压和铆接时间等工艺参数的控制,在自动铆接试验台上进行锤铆试验工艺.试验得到,当输入气压为0.5 MPa、铆接时间为2 s時,铆接效率较高且能达到铆接技术要求,但存在铆接件表面质量差、变形较大等缺陷.针对自动铆接试验台铆接工艺的这一缺陷进行研究,并提出解决方案,建立了试验台铆接系统的动力学模型,分析顶铁振动、弹簧刚性和预紧力对铆接质量的影响.

关键词: 气动铆锤; 试验台; 表面质量; 动力学模型; 变形量

中图分类号: TH 131.1文献标志码: A

Process Research of Automatic Riveting for

Pneumatic Riveting Hammer

LIU Xianwei,QIAN Wei

(School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)

Abstract: Through controlling the riveting process parameters of input pressure and riveting time,the hammer riveting test is carried out in the conventional test bench.The results show that the system can be obtained to meet the requirements of riveting quality and high efficiency when the input pressure is 0.5 MPa and the riveting time is 2 s,but it is with poor quality and large deformation riveting and other defects.Aiming at the defects of pneumatic riveting,the dynamic model of the test bench riveting system was established,and the influence of the roof iron vibration and spring preload rigidity on quality of riveting was analyzed.

Keywords: pneumatic hammers; test bench; surface quality; dynamic model; deformation

据统计,飞机制造中,铆接的工作量约占装配制造总工作量的30%[1],可见铆接质量将直接影响飞机各结构的强度和抗疲劳性能.目前国内外航空航天领域主要采用的铆接形式有两种:一种是气动锤铆,它是传统的铆接方式,锤铆时气铆枪活塞推动铆锤,铆锤受活塞作用后冲击铆钉,使铆钉钉杆镦粗,并从顶杆端使镦头成形;另一种是压铆,即给铆钉施加很大的压铆力使铆钉变形的铆接方式,一般在自动钻铆机上自动完成[2],它是一种相对比较先进的铆接方式,质量稳定、效率高、劳动条件好,缺点是应用范围受结构限制[3].

自动钻铆机结构复杂,技术水平要求高,造价昂贵.与其相比,工业机器人具有成本低,灵活性好,安装空间小及自动化程度更高的优点[4].尤其是对于空间狭小的壳体,机器人末端执行器采用结构紧凑的气动铆枪更加具备优势.气动锤铆的主……

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