石墨烯/金属纳米复合材料制备及研究进展
2017-07-15徐鹏邱汉迅宋凌志闫廷龙李幸娟
徐鹏+邱汉迅+宋凌志+闫廷龙+李幸娟



摘要: 石墨烯由于具有较高的热导率、优异的力学性能、低的热膨胀系数以及良好的化学稳定性等特点,吸引了人们广泛的关注.综述了石墨烯与金属纳米复合材料的制备方法,包括自组装法、化学还原法、水热法、电化学沉积法和热蒸发法等,以及其在化学催化、超级电容器和导电薄膜等方面的应用研究进展,指出了石墨烯与金属纳米复合材料研究所存在的问题.
关键词: 石墨烯; 复合材料; 制备方法; 研究进展
中图分类号: TB 333文献标志码: A
Preparation of Graphene/Metal Nanocomposites and
Its Research Progress
XU Peng,QIU Hanxun,SONG Lingzhi,YAN Tinglong,LI Xingjuan
(School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)
Abstract: Graphene has high thermal conductivity,excellent mechanical properties and good chemical stability.All these properties make graphene attract a lot of attention in recent years.In this paper,the preparation methods of graphene and metal nanocomposites are reviewed.The methods include selfassembly,chemical reduction and electrochemical deposition.In addition,the advances in application of graphene and metal nanocomposites are also reviewed.It has a potential value in chemical catalysis,supercapacitors and conductive films.Furthermore,the problems of graphene and metal nanocomposites are pointed out.
Keywords: graphene; composite material; preparation method; research progress
石墨烯是由單层碳以六元环状紧密排列而形成的二维蜂窝状的点阵结构,在目前所发现的材料中属于最薄的二维材料[1].石墨烯的结构使其可以构成不同的石墨材料,如零维的富勒烯可由其翘曲形成,一维的碳纳米管可由其卷曲形成[2-3],而三维的石墨特殊结构可由其堆叠构成.单层石墨烯的厚度仅为0.335 nm,碳和碳原子间以共价键结合,键长为0.142 nm[4],这种独特的结构使其具有较高的强度,达到了130 GPa[5],是普通钢铁的100多倍;由于其原子间作用力强,使得内部的电子抗干扰能力较强,电子在传输中不易发生散射,其零带隙、电子空穴迁移率可以达到15 000 cm2·V-1·S-1[6],约为商用硅片迁移率的10倍;此外,它还具有优良的导热性能,Balandin等通过非接触光学方法测量到单层石墨烯的室温热传导系数为5 300 W·m-1·K-1[7],比金刚石和CNTs的热导率高,更是十倍于室温下铜的热导率.在垂直于平面方向上的单层石墨烯中,相邻……
