不锈钢酸洗污泥中重金属的浸出试验研究
2017-07-15刘平阳谈定生丁伟中
刘平阳+谈定生+丁伟中
摘要: 采用无机酸作为浸出剂对不锈钢酸洗污泥中的重金属进行浸出,在相同条件下,各种酸的浸出效率顺序为:硫酸>盐酸>硝酸.讨论了硫酸浸出酸洗污泥时浸出时间、硫酸浓度、液固比和温度等条件对金属浸出率的影响.结果表明,硫酸浓度和液固比对镍铬的浸出率有较大的影响,而温度的影响较小.在液固比为6∶1、温度为30 ℃、硫酸浓度为3 mol/L以及浸出时间为90 min的条件下,污泥中镍、铬、铁和锰的浸出率分别为99.3%,99.2%,99.8%和93.2%,残余污泥中镍铬含量符合排放标准.
关键词: 不锈钢酸洗污泥; 浸出; 重金属; 回收利用
中图分类号: TF 803.21文献标志码: A
A Study on Leaching Heavy Metals from Stainless
Steel Pickling Sludge
LIU Pingyang1,TAN Dingsheng1,2,DING Weizhong1,2
(1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;
2.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China)
Abstract: The leaching of heavy metals from stainless steel pickling sludge by inorganic acids was studied.Under the same conditions,it was found that leaching effect order was sulfuric acid > hydrochloric acid >nitric acid.The effects of leaching time,concentration of sulfuric acid,ratio of liquid to solid and temperature on leaching rate were discussed with sulfuric acid as lixiviant.The results showed that the leaching rate of nickel and chromium was influenced by concentration of sulfuric acid and ratio of liquid to solid,but almost independent to the temperature.The leaching rate of Ni,Cr,Fe and Mn were 99.3%,99.2%,99.8%,93.2%,respectively,when the ratio of liquid to solid was 6∶1,temperature was 30 ℃,the concentration of sulfuric acid was 3 mol/L and the leaching time was 90 min.The contents of Ni and Cr in the residue meet the related standards of emission.
Keywords: stainless steel pickling sludge; leaching; heavy metals; recycling
不銹钢在轧制、热处理等过程中表面产生的金属氧化皮不仅影响钢材表面的整洁度,而且会对不锈钢后续加工造成不利的影响,因此必须加以清除[1-2].采用硫酸、硝酸和氢氟酸混合液进行酸洗是目前去除不锈钢表面金属氧化物的主要方法.酸洗产生的废水处理一般采用石灰中和沉淀法,由此产生大量的污泥.此类污泥含有一定量的Fe,Cr和Ni等重金属元素,属于危险固体废弃物,若不经无害化处理回收其中的有价金属,而随意倾倒或简易填埋,不仅不符合资源化综合利用的要求,而且会占用大量土地并引发严重的环境污染问题[3-4].因此,合理处置不锈钢酸洗污泥近年来逐渐成为人们关注的焦点.
固化稳定化技术是处理酸洗污泥最常用的方法,污泥固化稳定化后再进行填埋,可以阻止或减少有害重……
