赵新礼 张馨

摘要[目的] 研究珠子参根茎的发育规律，探索根茎繁殖的方法。[方法]通过对珠子参种子萌发过程和栽培植株生长期内根茎切片的观察，研究其根茎发生发育的规律；采用植物生长调节剂处理根茎切段，探索其根茎繁殖的方法。[結果]营养生长时根茎是单轴分枝的主杆，生殖生长时根茎成为合轴分枝式的侧枝。用50和100 mg/L的赤霉素（GA3）溶液、40和80 mg/L的6-苄胺腺嘌呤（6-BA）溶液均可使珠子参根茎的切段形成更新芽，但以40 mg/L 6-BA的处理为优，80 mg/L 6-BA的处理次之。[结论]该研究对珠子参规范化栽培措施的制订具有参考价值。

关键词 珠子参；根茎；发育特性；切断繁殖；植物生长调节剂

中图分类号 S567.5+3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0153-03

Abstract[Objective] To study the root and rhizome development law of Panax japonicus var.major， explore the method of rhizome propagation.[Method] The seed germination process and the cultivated plant growth in the rhizome sections were observed to study the development rule of the root and rhizome of Panax japonicus var.major.The rhizome segments were processed with plant growth regulator， the rhizome cutting propagation method was explored.

[Result] Rhizome is the main rod in monopodial branching during vegetative growth， while in reproductive growth， it becomes axis in sympodial branching.The rhizome segments were processed with 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L Gibberellin 3 solution （GA3）， 40 and 80 mg/L 6benzylamine adenine solution（6BA）， which can promote bud regeneration of the rhizome cuttings.

The treatment of 40 mg/L 6BA was optimal， the treatment of 80 mg/L 6BA was suboptimal.[Conclusion] This study provides a reference value for formulating standardized cultivation measures of Panax japonicus var.major.

Key words Panax japonicus var.major； Rhizome；Developmental characteristics；Cutting propagation；Plant growth regulator

珠子参（panax japonicus var.major）为五加科人参属的濒危药用植物[1]，其根状茎入药为珠子参，地上部分入药称参叶，均为传统中药。珠子参的自然结实率低，种子采收困难，种胚为后熟类型，休眠期长，且种子繁殖所形成的1～2年生苗长势弱，参叶产量极低。野生珠子参根状茎呈串珠状，由十数节组成，每个节上多有休眠芽存在，若能使它恢复萌动能力，进行根茎切段繁殖，将成为提高繁殖系数和参叶产量的一种有效途径。珠子参根茎既是进行繁殖的重要材料，也是药用的重要部位，学者们对其化学成分和药理作用已有较多研究[2-4] ，对其生物学特性和规范化栽培技术也有研究[5-9] ， 但尚未见到对珠子参根茎发育规律及根茎切段繁殖方法研究的报道。笔者通过对珠子参种子萌发过程和栽培植株生长期内根茎切片的观察，研究其根茎发生发育的规律；……