谢文杰 姚娟 李卓

摘要[目的]探明不同干旱程度下，聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）施入土壤后对油菜生长及产量的影响，为PAM在农业抗旱增产中的推广应用提供数据及理论支持。[方法]在遮雨棚内进行盆栽试验，通过控制灌水时间及灌水量，模拟不旱、轻旱、中旱、重旱4种干旱程度，观测不同PAM施用量对油菜株高、径粗、绿叶数、叶面积、一次有效分枝数、产量以及水分利用效率的影响。[结果]4种干旱（不旱、轻旱、中旱、重旱）条件下，施加PAM处理的油菜与未施加PAM相比，生长指标（株高、径粗、绿叶数、叶面积、一次有效分枝数）均有不同程度的提升，其中株高分别增加10.11%、2.03%、18.39%、13.70%，一次有效分枝数分别增加2.32%、27.91%、20.83%、8.97%，产量分别增加7.90%、39.47%、23.40%、21.95%，耗水量可最高减少29.09%、35.65%、49.02%、31.39%，水分利用效率可最高提升41.62%、81.31%、142.05%、49.31%。[结论]种植油菜时施入一定量的PAM能提升油菜产量及水分利用效率，但当PAM施加过量时会抑制油菜的生长以及降低经济效益。

关键词 聚丙烯酰胺；油菜；生理指标；产量；水分利用效率

中图分类号 S634.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0017-05

Abstract[Objective] To investigate the effects of polyacrylamide （PAM） on the growth and yield of rape under different drought levels，and to provide data and theoretical support for the popularization and application of PAM in agricultural drought resistance and yield increase.[Method] The pot experiment was conducted to study the drought resistance of potted rape in canopy.By controlling the irrigation time and irrigation amount，the drought degree of no drought，light drought，moderate drought and heavy drought was simulated.The effects of different application rates of PAM on plant height，stem diameter，number of green leaves，leaf area，number of primary effective branches，yield and water use efficiency （WUE） of rape were observed.[Result] Compared with the control without PAM，the growth indexes （plant height，stem diameter，number of green leaves，leaf area，number of primary effective branches） of treatments with PAM under four drought conditions （no drought，light drought，moderate drought and heavy drought） were increased in different degrees，the increase rates of plant height were 10.11%，2.03%，18.39% and 13.70% respectively，those of the number of primary effective branches were 2.32%，27.91%，20.83% and 8.97% respectively，those of rape yield were 7.90%，39.47%，23.40%，21.95% respectively； the water consumption could be maximally reduced by 29.09%，35.65%，49.02%，31.39% respectively； the WUE could be maximally promoted by 41.62%，81.31%，142.05%，49.31% respectively.[Conclusion] The yield and WUE of rape can be improved by applying a certain amount of PAM when rape is planted，but when PAM is applied excessively，it inhibits the growth of rape and reduces the economic benefit.

Key words Polyacrylamide（PAM）； Rape； Physiological indexes； Yield； Water use efficiency（WUE）

油菜是我國第一大油料作物，常年种植面积约733万hm2，年均总产量约180万t，面积和总产均居世界第一[1-3]。四川盆地丘陵山区地处温、光、水、热条件优越的长江上游，气候温和湿润，相对湿度大，云雾和阴雨日多，冬季无严寒，利于秋播油菜生长[4]。因此，油菜一直是该区域的主要作物之一。但是，四川省季节性干旱中春旱的发生频率极高，容易造成油菜在需水旺盛的季节缺水[5]。因此，四川油菜春旱是一个急需解决的问题。聚丙烯酰胺（Polyacrylamide，简称 PAM） 是一种高分子聚合物，是由丙烯酰胺（Acrylamide，简称AM）均聚或与其他单体共聚而成，含量在50%以上的线性水溶性高分子化学产品的总称。……