基于VAR模型的牛奶价格与酸奶价格动态关系研究
2017-07-13于路存商迪董谦刁钢
于路存 商迪 董谦 刁 钢



摘要 利用VAR模型分析了牛奶价格和酸奶价格之间的动态关系,通过脉冲响应和方差分解的方法判断了两者之间的影响。实证分析结果验证了牛奶价格和酸奶价格之间的变化存在着Granger因果关系,并且牛奶价格对酸奶价格的影响具有更强的脉冲累积效应和更大的方差累积比例。该结果说明,作为酸奶制作原料的牛奶价格的上升对酸奶价格的变化有着更强的影响效果;反之,酸奶对牛奶的影响效果较弱。因此,应防止养殖户盲目地扩大或缩减养殖规模对整个产业链产生影响。
关键词 VAR模型;牛奶价格;酸奶价格;脉冲响应;方差分解;Granger因果检验
中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)13-0220-03
Research on Dynamic Relationship between Milk Price and Yogurt Price Based on VAR Model
YU Lu-cun, SHANG Di, DONG Qian, DIAO Gang*
(School of Business, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000)
Abstract We applied VAR model to weekly price data to analyze the dynamic relationship between milk price and yogurt price and used the methods of impulse response and variance decomposition to examine the mutual influence between milk price and yogurt price. The results of empirical analysis showed that Granger causality existed between milk price and yogurt price and the influence of milk price on yogurt price had stronger pulse accumulation effect and larger variance accumulation ratio. According to the results we suggested that milk price had strong influence on yogurt price, while yogurt price had relatively small influence on milk price. Therefore, in order to maintain the stability of the dairy industrial chain, proper measures should be taken to prevent the farmers from blindly expanding or reducing the breeding scale.
Key words VAR model;Milk price;Yogurt price;Impulse response;Variance decomposition;Granger causality test
随着我国居民生活水平的提高,人们对牛奶、酸奶等奶制品的需求不断提高。尤其是常温酸奶的面世,解决了酸奶的低温冷藏问题,促使酸奶的销售量大幅度增长[1-3]。酸奶是在牛奶中加入乳酸菌进行发酵生成的,牛奶是酸奶生产的原料;酸奶新品种的上市,会吸引消费者的注意,并且,酸奶可作为零食甚至膳食补充品,在一定程度上会对牛奶产生替代作用。一方面,牛奶作为酸奶生产的原材料,其需求量会随着酸奶消费量的增加而增加;另一方面,酸奶作为牛奶的替代品,会分享牛奶的市场份额,其消费量的增加将导致牛奶消费量的减少。酸奶与牛奶之间的动态关系最终会以价格的形式反映出来,牛奶与酸奶价格的相互影响。……
