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青岛市城阳区强降水极端气候阈值研究

2017-07-13孙颖吴蓓赵程程李博万静1

安徽农业科学 2017年13期

孙颖 吴蓓 赵程程 李博 万 静1

摘要 根据青岛市城阳区2008—2015年汛期(6—9月)日降水量资料,采用简单插值法、经驗插值法、Z指数变换法、平方根变换法和立方根变换法等5种计算阈值的方法,比较分析得到适用于城阳区的阈值确定方法,并计算分析了精细化的城阳区极端降水阈值。结果表明,5种方法中,Z指数变换法更适于城阳区实际情况;城阳区极端降水阈值的分布大致呈南部阈值偏大、中部阈值偏小、北部的棘洪滩阈值也偏大。

关键词 日降水量;极端降水;阈值;分布特征;青岛市城阳区

中图分类号 S161.6;P426.6 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)13-0189-03

Study on Threshold of Extreme Climate of Heavy Rainfall in Chengyang District of Qingdao

SUN Ying1,2,WU Pei1,ZHAO Cheng-cheng1 et al

(1.Meteorological Bureau of Chengyang District, Qingdao,Shandong 266109;2.Qingdao Meteorological Disaster Prevention Engineering Technology Research Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266100)

Abstract According to the daily precipitation data in the flood season (June-September) in Chengyang District of Qingdao City from 2008 to 2015, the threshold method of simple interpolation method, empirical interpolation method, Z index transformation method, square root transformation method and cubic root transformation method were used to calculate the threshold value, threshold determination method of Chengyang District was compared and analyzed,and the extreme precipitation threshold of Chengyang District was calculated and analyzed.The results showed that the Z index transformation method was more suitable for the actual situation in Chengyang District. The distribution of extreme precipitation thresholds in the Chengyang District was roughly larger than the southern threshold, the central threshold was too small and the threshold of the spike flood in the north was too large.

Key words Daily precipitation;Extreme precipitation;Threshold;Distribution characteristics;Chengyang District of Qingdao

近年来,由于气候变化导致的极端天气事件频发,越来越多的学者对此给予关注[1-4]。翟盘茂等[3-4]分析了我国降水极值变化,指出我国总降水量变化趋势不明显,而极端降水强度在增强,我国东部降水日数趋于减少,平均降水强度极值出现的范围趋于扩大;李庆祥等[5]以北京地区为研究对象,分析5种强降水极端气候事件阈值的适应性。但目前的研究对气候变暖显著、年降水特别是夏季降水明显减少的胶东半岛地区极端天气气候事件研究还不多[6]。

极端降水事件,不同的时间尺度可得到不同的结果。气象系统业务服务中通常把日降水量超过50 mm的降水事件称为暴雨,日降水量超过25 mm的降水事件称为大雨。但对于胶东半岛这样降水较少且时间空间分布不均匀、一年中较少出现大雨的地区,按照大雨或暴雨的标准来定义阈值研究极端降水事件没有实际意义,实际中多用百分位阈值作为极值的阈值[3-4,7-10]。……

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