黄春梅

摘要 以宁化紫色土区不同林龄（15、25、35 a）油茶人工林为研究对象，在生长量调查的基础上，分析不同林龄间土壤理化性质的差异。结果表明：①不同林龄油茶人工林平均地径和平均树高随林龄的增长而增长；②随着土层深度的加深，土壤总孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾、有效磷含量均呈下降趋势，土壤容重和全钾含量呈上升趋势；③随着林龄的增长，同一土层深度油茶人工林土壤密度、容重、有机质含量、速效钾含量、有效磷含量、全磷含量均呈倒“V”变化趋势，土壤孔隙度则呈“V”变化趋势，全钾则是呈持续上升趋势。

关键词 紫色土；油茶人工林；林龄；土壤理化性质

中图分类号 S714.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）13-0157-03

Variation Analysis of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Ages of Camellia oleifera Plantations in Purple Soil Area

HUANG Chun-mei

（County Forestry Bureau of Ninghua， Ninghua， Fujian， 365400）

Abstract Different age （15-year， 25-year and 35-year）of Camellia oleifera plantation in Ninghua purple soil areas were acted as experimental forests， based on the investigation of growth of Camellia oleifera forest， the soil physical and chemical properties of different ages of Camellia oleifera plantations were analyzed. The results showed that：①With the increase of the forest age， the average diameter and tree height of Camellia oleifera were showed the increase trend；②With the increase of soil layer， soil density， organic matter， available P and available K were showed the down trend， and soil bulk density and total K showed the rising trend； ③ With the increase of forest age， soil bulk density， soil density， organic matter， available P and available K showed the inverted “V” trend， the soil porosity showed the “V” trend， but the total K showed the continue rising trend.

Key words Purple soil area；Camellia oleifera plantation；Stand age；Soil physical and chemical properties

紫色土是热带和亚热带气候条件下由紫色岩风化发育而成的一种地带性土壤，也是我国南方主要的易侵蚀土类之一。紫色土具有物理分化强，组成土壤的颗粒粗，土壤保水、持水性弱等特点，会导致林木生长不良。长期以来，由于紫色土区森林植被破坏严重，导致水土流失严重，造成土壤退化及土地生产力下降等一系列问题，在一定程度上制约了当地农村的經济发展[1-2]。紫色土区土壤改良及森林植被的恢复与重建成为目前林业工作者主要研究的热点及难点[3-4]。油茶（Camellia oleifera）是我国特有的木本油料树种，该树种具有耐酸、耐瘠薄、抗干旱等优良生态适应性，是我国南方丘陵山地水源涵养及水土保持的优良树种[5]。在紫色土区发展油茶产业，不仅可起到改善紫色土区的生态环境条件、防止水土流失的作用，还可提高农民收入，实现精准扶农，达到双赢的效果[6]。……