李旭新 巴根那 杨恒山 孙德智 包金花

摘要 [目的]通过对肋柱花花粉不同培养条件和测定方法进行研究，筛选出适宜花粉萌发的条件，找出简单快速测定肋柱花花粉活力方法。[方法]采用离体萌发法对不同浓度蔗糖、硼酸及培养温度下花粉萌发率进行研究，并通过醋酸洋红染色法、TTC染色法及I2-KI染色法对花粉活力进行测定。[结果]肋柱花花粉在蔗糖浓度为15%、硼酸浓度为100 mg/L、温度为25 ℃培养下，花粉萌发率达最大值，超过此条件萌发率下降。与醋酸洋红法和 TTC 法相比，I2-KI 染色法的测定结果与离体培养萌发法结果相近。[结论]适宜肋柱花花粉萌发的培养条件为15%蔗糖+100 mg/L硼酸，温度为25 ℃；I2-KI 染色法可作为肋柱花花粉活力快速测定的最佳方法。

关键词 肋柱花；花粉萌发；蔗糖；硼酸；花粉活力

中图分类号 S567.21+9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）13-0127-03

Comparison on Pollen Germination and Viability Determination Method of Lomatogonium rotatum

LI Xu-xin1， BA Gen-na2，YANG Heng-shan1 et al

（1.College of Agronomy， Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities， Tongliao，Inner Mongolia 028042；2.College of Mongolia Medicine，Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities， Tongliao，Inner Mongolia 028042）

Abstract [Objective] The optimum conditions of Lomatogonium rotatum of pollen germination were studied by selecting different culture conditions and determination methods， and find a simple and rapid method to determine the pollen viability of Lomatogonium rotatum. [Methods]The germination rate of pollen germination at different concentrations of sucrose， boric acid and culture temperature was studied by in vitro germination method. The pollen viability was determined by carmine acetate staining method， TTC staining and I2-KI staining.[Result] The pollen germination rate reached the maximum at the concentration of 15% sucrose，100 mg/L boric acid and 25 ℃ culture condition， and above this condition，the germination rate decreased.Compared with carmine acetate staining method and TTC method， the determination results of I2-KI staining and in vitro germination method were similar.[Conclusion]The optimum conditions for the pollen germination were 15% sucrose+100 mg/L boric acid，the temperature is 25 ℃.I2-KI staining method can be used as the best method for rapid determination of pollen viability.

Key words Lomatogonium rotatum；Pollen germination；Sucrose；Boric acid；Pollen viability

肋柱花（Lomatogonium rotatum），別名哈比日根-地格达，属于一年生野生草本植物，为龙胆科肋柱花[Lomatogonium rotatum（L.）Fries ex Nym.]的干燥全草，主要用于协日热、瘟疫、流感、肝胆热、黄疸等病症[1]，其根、全草、叶、花中均含有齐敦果酸（oleanolic acid）[2]，具有降低转氨酶作用，对病毒性肝炎有显著治疗作用。在我国内蒙古、黑龙江、河北等地的灌丛草甸、河滩草地、高山草甸等有零星分布，但生长期短且较慢，目前临床上所使用肋柱花药源全部采自野生植株，由于其为全草入药，采集者往往将正处于花期的整株挖走，而留下的植株多数在种子未成熟时在草原秋季打草（8月中旬）时连同草也一起被割走，草地上存留的肋柱花种子很少，这导致其种群个体数量急剧下降，资源越来越少。……