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沼液改良煤矸石地对樱桃栽培地土壤性状的影响

2017-07-13侯东梅王新平杨萍茹慧玲

安徽农业科学 2017年13期

侯东梅 王新平 杨萍 茹慧玲

摘要 [目的]研究沼液改良煤矸石地对樱桃栽培地土壤物理性状、化学性状和生物学性状的影响。[方法]以樱桃树为试验材料,采用完全随机设计,研究沼液改良煤矸地对樱桃栽培地土壤物理性状、化学性状的影响。[结果] 施用沼液的处理能使樱桃树正常生长,A4 (1 200 mL/m2)沼液处理降低了土壤容重,孔隙度有所增加,脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、有机质含量均显著提高,A3(900 mL/m2)沼液处理后土壤pH下降最多。[结论] A4 (1 200 mL/m2)沼液改良煤矸地后土壤各项指标均较好。

关键词 沼液;煤矸石地;樱桃;土壤性状

中图分类号 S141.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)13-0124-03

Effect of Biogas Slurry Modified Coal Gangue on Soil Properties of Cherry Cultivation Land

HOU Dong-mei ,WANG Xin-ping,YANG Ping et al

(Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science Pomology Institute,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031)

Abstract [Objective] To study effect of biogas slurry modified coal gangue on soil properties of cherry cultivation land.[Method]Effects of biogas slurry on soil physical, chemical and biological properties before and after cherry cultivation under the condition of completely random design were studied with cherry tree as experimental material.[Result]Application of biogas slurry could make cherry trees grow normally.The treatment of biogas slurry (A4 1 200 mL/m2) could decrease the soil bulk density,porosity, urease activity, catalase activity,the alkaline solution nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,total nitrogen and organic matter contents were significantly improved,and the soil pH was well mitigated by (A3 900 mL/m2) biogas slurry.[Couclusion]The effect of A4 (1 200 mL/m2) biogas slurry is better.

Key words Biogas slurry;Coal gangue lands;Cherry;Soil properties

煤矸石是采煤和洗煤过程中排放的固体废物,其主要成分是Al2O3、SiO2,另外还含有Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、Na2O、K2O、P2O5、SO3和微量稀有元素(镓、钒、钛、钴)。山西处于煤矿的主要出采地,大量煤矸石的存在与排放,导致土地性质和生态环境的破坏日趋严重,植被无法正常生长。

沼液是人畜排泄物发酵沼气后的残余物质,是一种常见的高效有机肥,除含有能满足植物生长所需的基本元素外,还含有一些丰富的有机物(如腐殖酸)。古伯贤等[1]研究表明,在设施栽培中,施入有机肥料可以降低土壤容重,提高总孔隙度,增加含水量;研究发现,当土壤接近于脱水状态时,有机肥的加入可以增加其对土壤的保水性能[2-3]。可见,利用沼液对作物施肥能提高土壤对水分的保持性和渗透性,加强土壤透气、收缩等特性。

樱桃富含人体所需的蛋白质、维生素及钙、铁、磷、钾等元素。……

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