钱昌银 胡晓苗

摘要 [目的]从合肥地区部分养鸡场病鸡组织中分离葡萄球菌，并对其进行鉴定和药敏试验。 [方法] 从合肥地区部分养鸡场病鸡组织中分离葡萄球菌，并通过形态特征观察、溶血性试验、血浆凝固酶试验、生化试验对其进行鉴定，最后对其进行药敏试验。[结果]共分离到9株葡萄球菌。经鉴定，其中4株为金黄色葡萄球菌，在临床分离的葡萄球菌中为优势群株；在凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中2株为头状葡萄球菌，孔氏葡萄球菌、模仿葡萄球菌和沃氏葡萄球菌各1株。这说明金黄色葡萄球菌是合肥地区家禽养殖场中葡萄球菌類疾病的主要病原菌。药敏试验结果表明，所有分离菌株对12种临床常用抗生素均呈不同程度的耐药性，对青霉素、复方磺胺甲噁唑和恩诺沙星有较高的耐药性。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌与金黄色葡萄球菌在抗药性方面存在差异。[结论] 在用抗生素防治葡萄球菌病时需通过药敏试验进行药物筛选。该研究结果可为养鸡场用药提供参考。

关键词 葡萄球菌；分离；鉴定；耐药性；药敏试验

中图分类号 S852.61 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）13-0111-03

Isolation，Identification and Drug Sensitivity of Pathogenic Staphylococcus in Some Chicken Farms

QIAN Chang-yin1，HU Xiao-miao2

（1.Hefei Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center， Hefei， Anhui 230601；2.Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hefei， Anhui 230031）

Abstract [Objective] To isolate and identify staphylococcus in some chicken farms of Hefei，and make drug sensitivity test. [Method] Staphylococcus was isolated from some chicken farms of Hefei and the isolated strains were identified by morphological observation， haemolytic test，plasma coagulase test and biochemical tests. And drug sensitivity test was made. [Result] 9 strains of staphylococcus were isolated. 4 strains of them were identified as Staphylococcus aureus， which was dominant strains. Among negative staphylococcus strains in plasma coagulase test， there were 2 strains of Staphylococcus capitis， one strain of Staphylococcus cohnii， Staphylococcus simulans， Staphylococcus warneri. These results showed that Staphylococcus aureus were main pathogen that caused Staphylococcus diseases in chicken farm of Hefei City. The drug sensitivity test results showed that all strains showed different tolerance to 12 common clinical antibiotics. All isolated strains showed higher drug tolerance to penicillin， compound sulfamethoxazole， enrofloxacin. The negative strains in plasma coagulase test and Staphylococcus aureus had difference drug tolerance. [Conclusion] Drugs should be screened out for preventing and controlling staphylococcus by drug sensitivity test. The research results can provide references for the drug administration in chicken farms.

Key words Staphylococcus；Isolation；Identification；Drug tolerance；Drug sensitivity test

葡萄球菌感染鸡后能引起关节炎、皮肤（包括翼尖）坏死、急性败血症状和雏鸡脐炎等。该病常年发生，在高温高湿环境中最易发病，雏鸡和中雏感染葡萄球菌后死亡率最高，是养鸡业中危害严重的疾病之一[1]。鸡表皮或黏膜损伤、机体抵抗力弱和饲养管理不善时，处于金黄色葡萄球菌污染环境下，则容易感染金黄色葡萄球菌。……