摘要 根据2011—2015年湘江株洲段水质监测资料，对朱亭、枫溪、白石和霞湾4个水质断面的环境健康风险状况进行评价。结果表明：①躯体毒物质的个人年风险大小排列为氟化物、铜、铅、氨氮、汞、氰化物、酚，而基因毒物质的个人年风险大小排序为砷、六价铬、镉；②基因毒物质所产生的健康风险远超过躯体毒物质，基因毒物质为各断面的优先控制污染物，氟化物为躯体毒物质中优先控制污染物；③“十二五”期间，4个断面经由饮水途径所致健康危害的个人年总风险，均超过国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受值。该评价结论对于指导湘江株洲段水环境风险管理具有参考价值。

关键词 健康风险评价；水环境；湘江

中图分类号 X820.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）13-0052-04

Water Environmental Health Risk Assessment for Zhuzhou Reach in Xiangjiang River during the Period of the 12th Five-year-plan

SHI Yong

（Zhuzhou Planning and Design Institute，Zhuzhou， Hunan 412000）

Abstract Water environmental health risk assessment for Zhuzhou Reach in Xiangjiang River was conducted based on the water environment health risk analysis model and monitoring date during the years of 2011-2015. The result shows that： ①Ranking of average risk deriving from non-gene toxic substances via drinking water was fluoride， Cu， Pb， NH3， Hg， cyanide， hydroxybenzene， and the ranking of average risk due to gene toxic substances via drinking water was As， Cr6+， Cd on the whole. ②Health risk for individual person caused by gene toxic substances was far greater than that of non-gene toxic substances. Therefore， gene toxic substances should be afforded prior attention. As for non-gene toxic substances， fluoride was the highest priority pollutant among the 4 controlling sections for water quality in the Zhuzhou Reach of Xiangjiang River. ③Total heath risk caused by all pollutants for the 4 sections during the period of the 12th five-year-plan was higher than the value recommended by ICRP. The results can provide important information for water quality management and protection in the Zhuzhou Reach of Xiangjiang River.

Key words Health risk assessment；Water environment；Xiangjiang River

湘江株洲段长度89.6 km，流域面积2 055 km2，自王十万乡入境向北，流经株洲县和市区，至马家河出境。自20世纪60年代，湘江就成为株洲市区工业废水和城市居民生活污水的受纳水体，而株洲市企业和居民的生活用水大部分取自湘江。为了监控湘江的水质，株洲段设有朱亭（交接断面）、枫溪（对照断面）、白石（控制断面）和霞湾（控制断面）4个例行监测断面，其中朱亭、枫溪和白石断面为省控断面，霞湾断面为国控断面。根据《湖南省株洲市环境质量报告书》（2011—2015年），通过对湘江株洲段4个监控断面水质监测资料进行水环境评价，“十二五”期间的平均污染指数均较“十一五”期间有所下降，但是对人体健康危害的风险程度却难以直观反映出来，目前对“十二五”期间湘江株洲段的水质健康风险研究鲜见报道。……