向日葵品种比较试验
2017-07-13李瑞贺丽瑜刘冬梅张元香
李瑞 贺丽瑜 刘冬梅 张元香



摘要 [目的]筛选适宜神木地区种植的品种。[方法]开展向日葵品种比较试验,分析引进的10个食用向日葵品种的农艺性状、产量构成和产量、病虫害特点。[结果]10个品种在神木地区生育期内均无病害发生,生长性状及产量表现差异较大。其中ZH361最高,百粒重较高,出仁率中等,产量稳定,且籽粒大小适中,商品性高。[结论]ZH361综合表现较好,适宜进一步推广种植。
关键词 向日葵;品种试验;产量
中图分类号 S565.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)13-0039-02
Comparison Experiment of Different Sunflower Varieties
LI Rui,HE Li-yu,LIU Dong-mei et al
(Shenmu County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Shenmu,Shaanxi 719300)
Abstract [Objective] Suitable sunflower varieties were screened in Shenmu Area.[Method] Comparison experiment was carried out to analyze agronomic characters,yield components,yield and pest and disease characteristics of 10 introduced varieties.[Result] The pests and diseases could not be found in the growth period,and the growth traits and yield of ten different sunflower varieties were different.The yield of ZH361 was the highest the 100-grain weight was high,the kernel rate was moderate,the yield was stable,the grain size was moderate,the commodity was high.[Conclusion] Comprehensive performance of ZH361 was good,it was suitable to further be promoted in this area.
Key words Sunflower;Variety experiment;Yield
向日葵具有耐鹽碱、抗干旱、适应性强等特性,为许多国家广泛种植[1]。我国亦为向日葵种植大国[2],其在我国北方作为经济作物种植面积较广[3] 。其中食用向日葵用途广泛,籽粒经过加工,是人们喜爱的大众化食品[4]。但食用向日葵实际生产中存在品种单一、老化、退化严重等问题[5]。
为此,该研究对内蒙古巴彦淖尔市引进的10个食用向日葵品种进行了栽培对比试验,旨在观察食用向日葵在当地的生产性能,筛选出适宜当地土壤与气候条件的优良品种,为下一步示范推广提供参考。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地概况
试验于2016年5—9月在陕西省神木县乔岔滩呼渠村进行,该地区年平均日照时数2 876 h,平均气温8.5 ℃,全年≥10 ℃积温3 345 ℃,年降雨量440.8 mm,无霜期169 d以上。土壤基本理化性状为:pH为8.3,土壤有机质4.7 g/kg,有效磷11.1 mg/kg,速效钾100.0 mg/kg,碱解氮68.0 mg/kg。
1.2 供试材料
供试食用向日葵品种为B138、TY0409、JK601、JH363、ZH361、LX961、SH338、B2133、科阳7号、T33。试验所用肥料为尿素(含纯N为46%)、商品有机肥、金正大复合肥(N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15)、羊粪。
1.3 试验方法 试验设10个处理,每个品种为一个处理,3次重复。……
