祁峰 陈朋 李红 谢春刚 陈牧霞 马燕武

摘要 [目的]掌握新疆某水库浮游植物群落变化特征。[方法]2016年对新疆某水库10个采样站位的浮游植物及水体主要理化因子进行了3次调查。[结果]共鉴定出浮游植物56种（属），其中优势种（属）10种。种类组成上，由春季的金藻-硅藻型转变成夏季硅藻-绿藻型再到秋季蓝藻-硅藻型。浮游植物总平均生物量为7.32 mg/L，生物量季节变动显著，春季高于夏季，秋季最低。垂直分布方面，春季和夏季浮游植物生物量表层均高于中层和底层，秋季各水层间差异不显著。PCA分析显示库区浮游植物群落结构从春季到秋季的显著梯度变化情况，入库水流与库区浮游植物群落结构差异显著。[结论]研究结果为水环境评价与保护、资源合理利用和生态系统可持续发展提供了参考。

关键词 浮游植物；群落结构；水体；理化因子

中图分类号 Q948.8 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）13-0009-04

Community Characteristics of Phytoplankton in a Reservoir of Xinjiang

QI Feng1，2，CHEN Peng1，2，LI Hong1，MA Yan-wu1，2* et al

（1.Institute of Fishery Research of Xinjiang Uygur Autonenous Region，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830000；2.Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in Northwest China，Ministry of Agriculture，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830000）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to study community characteristics of phytoplankton in a reservoir of Xinjiang.[Method] We carried out three investigations on phytoplankton and physical and chemical factors of 10 sites in a reservoir of Xinjiang in 2016.[Result] It was identified 56 species，10 species out of which once formed dominant populations.The specific composition shifted from chrysophyta and bacillariophyta to bacillariophyta and chlorophyta，to further establish cyanophyta and bacillariophyta.The total mean biomass of phytoplankton was 7.32 mg/L.The biomass changed significantly，and the peak biomass of spring was higher than summer with the lowest in autumn.The biomass of surface was higher than middle layer and bottom layer in spring and summer，and the differences between each layer did not represent obviously.PCA showed significant gradients changes of phytoplankton community from spring to autumn in the area of reservoir and notable differences of phytoplankton community between inflow and reservoir.[Conclusion] The results provide reference for water environment evaluation and protection，reasonable utilization of resources ecosystem sustainable development.

Key words Phytoplankton；Community structure；Water；Physical and chemical factors

浮游植物是水生態系统中重要的初级生产者，浮游植物群落能对环境条件的变化做出复杂而快速的响应，其群落的变化可以被看成是对水质变化的一个很好的指示[1]。同时，作为水域生态系统的生产者，其群落结构的变化还会引起系统中食物网结构的改变，并影响水生态系统的能量流动、物质循环和信息传递[2]，是反映河流、湖泊以及水库环境变化的理想研究对象。

新疆维吾尔自治区地处我国干旱半干旱地区，水库是重要的供水水源。近年随着经济的迅速发展，污水排放量不断增加，部分水库水质日趋下降，而浮游植物作为反映水质状况的重要类群，研究其在水库中的动态变化对了解水质和水库生态系统健康的评估具有重要意义。……