王玉俊 杨佳利 张跃华 岳丽红

摘要 [目的]探明黑龙江省凉水国家级自然保护区白腐真菌资源现状及分布情况，为合理开发和保护白腐真菌资源提供参考。[方法]采用实地调查、查阅文献资料等方法对凉水国家级自然保护区白腐真菌进行采集、鉴定。[结果]获得凉水国家级自然保护区白腐真菌标本306份，初步鉴定出67种，分属于14科，其中多孔菌科、韧革菌科、侧耳科和球盖菇科为优势科。凉水国家级自然保护区白腐真菌多分布于阔叶林，其次是混交林和针叶林，而发生于草地和灌丛的白腐真菌相对较少。[结论]凉水国家级自然保护区白腐真菌资源丰富，具有较好的开发应用前景。

关键词 白腐真菌；真菌多样性；优势科；凉水国家级自然保护区

中图分类号 S718.81；Q939.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）13-0006-03

Investigation on Diversity of White Rot Fungi of the Liangshui National Reserve in Heilongjiang Province

WANG Yu-jun1， YANG Jia-li2， ZHANG Yue-hua2， YUE Li-hong1*

（1.College of Life Science，Jiamusi University，Jiamusi，Heilongjiang 154007；2.Institute of Agriculture and Environmental Biology，Jiamusi University，Jiamusi，Heilongjiang 154007）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to investigate the resources status quo and distribution of white rot fungi of Liangshui National Reserve， and provide references for rational exploitation and protection of the resources of white rot fungi. [Method] White rot fungi of Liangshui National Reserve were collected and identified by the method of field investigation and consulting literature materials. [Result] A total of 306 white-rot fungi specimens were obtained from Liangshui National Reserve， and 67 species were identified， belonging to 14 families， among them， Polyporaceae， Stereaceae， Pleurotaceae and Stropharia were dominant families. White rot fungi of Liangshui National Reserve were mostly distributed in broad-leaved forest， followed by mixed forest and coniferous forest， there were relative few white rot fungi occur in grassland and shrub. [Conclusion] Liangshui National Reserve is abundant in white rot fungus resources， and has a broad development and application prospects.

Key words White rot fungi；Fungi diversity；Dominant family；Liangshui National Reserve

白腐真菌是一类引起木材白色腐朽的丝状真菌的集合，具有较强的降解木质素能力。这类生物具有特殊的生理生化机制及强大的降解代谢能力，通过分泌胞外氧化酶降解木质素和同木质素结构相似的多种难降解有机污染物，具有较高应用价值，成为人类的宝贵资源[1]。凉水国家级自然保护区具有明显的北温带大陆性季风气候特征。保护区森林类型多样、地形复杂、雨量充沛，树木、腐木交错横生，枯枝落葉层深厚肥沃，为腐生、兼性寄生等不同生态习性的白腐真菌种群提供了优越的生长发育条件，孕育着丰富的白腐真菌资源。迄今尚未见较为系统的凉水国家级自然保护区白腐真菌资源调查及鉴定的研究报道。……