摘 要：明末西学东渐时期，传统农学自然观的改宗是中国古代农业向近现代农业范式过渡的分水岭与逻辑起点。衍至光绪初年，西洋农业科技新知转道日本再次舶来，并在随后的百余年间型塑了中国现代农业发展的基本范式。一部20世纪中国农业现代化史，既是西洋农业科技的传播发展史，又是一部传统农业科技销声匿迹、生态环境破坏乃至传统文化没落史。作为近现代农业现代化范式原产地的西方世界，却在20世纪末迎来了一轮以精准、生态为基本理念的新农业科技革命。这一巨大的反差，不能不引起学界的关注与反思。以史为鉴，可以知兴替。追根溯源，发现无论是作为西洋农业现代化逻辑起点的“重农学派”，还是以精准、生态为基本理念的农业科技发展新趋势，皆有一个有迹可循的中国思想渊源。近现代“科技文化”内涵的拓展、成熟以及由此引致的世界科技中心的转移史，同样雄辩地证明：探索“科技文化”与地方性知识最佳的契合点与契合模式才是避免“逾淮为枳”恶果出现的良方。在对以“精准”“生态”为基本理念的农业科技新动向进行整合、熔铸的基础上，这条由“借鉴”为主到“亦步亦趋”，再到“反思与回归”的“否定之否定”式中国进路，正日益获得世界范围内更多学者广泛而深入的认可。

关键词：无机农业；生态危机；精准；生态；中国进路

Abstract： The conversion of agricultural view on nature in the late Ming Dynasty was the watershed and the logical starting point of Chinese agricultural paradigm shift. In the early years of Guangxu reign period， western agriculture technology was spread to China via Japan， and during the subsequent hundred years， the paradigm of Chinese modern agriculture has formed gradually. In the history of Chinese agricultural modernization， there is both the spread of western agriculture technology and the deterioration of ecological environment， the decline of traditional agriculture technology， and of traditional culture. The western world， the place of origin of agricultural modernization， has gone through an agriculture technology revolution with the basic concept of precision and ecology at the end of the last century. The contrast draws attention and introspection. It is found that there is Chinese philosophy in both the physiocrats and the new trend of agricultural technology. The history of expansion and maturity of technology and the transfer of world technology center prove that the integration of technology culture and local technology is a recipe for avoiding the “inferiority in quality after having been replanted in another place”. On the basis of the integration of the new agricultural technology， the approach of Chinese style in the field of ecological agriculture is gaining more and more consensuses worldwide.

Key words： inorganic agriculture； ecological crisis； precision； ecology； approach of Chinese style

一、 “無机农业”与中国的农业现代化

作为一个具有历史性、不断发展的概念与进程，“农业现代化”的意涵丰富。……