邹建群

[摘要] 目的 探讨社区健康管理对小学生预防近视的效果分析。方法 选取2014年9月～2015年6月期间某公立小学的三、四年级学生共346人作为管理组，同期选取办学规模和水平与之相近的另一间公立小学的三、四年级学生共324人作为对照组，对照组给予每年1次常规屈光检查，管理组在此基础上给予社区健康管理干预，采用自制《小学生用眼和近视预防知识问卷》评估知识掌握程度，统计分析所有小学生干预前后视力和知识掌握程度情况。结果 管理组小学生新发近视率明显低于对照组，前者近视恢复率明显高于后者，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；管理组小学生知识掌握率明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 社区健康管理干预可有效提高小学生的近视预防知识掌握程度，有利于近视学生视力恢复和减少新发近视的发生，值得临床作进一步推广。

[关键词] 社区健康管理；小学生；预防；近视

[中图分类号] R194 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616（2017）08-193-03

[Abstract] Objective To discuss the effect analysis on community health management in prevention of myopia of elementary school students. Methods 346 students of grade three and four in a public elementary school from September 2014 to June 2015 were selected as the management group. 324 students of grade three and four in another public elementary school which had equal school size and teaching level in the same period were selected as the control group. The control group was given routine refractive examination for once every year while the management group was given community health management intervention at the basis of it. Self-designed knowledge questionnaire of using eyes and myopia prevention of elementary school students was used to assess the master degree of knowledge and to statistically analyze visual acuity and master degree of knowledge before and after intervention of elementary school students. Results The new occurrence rate of myopia of the management group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Recovery rate of myopia of the management group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Difference were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Rate of knowledge mastering of elementary school students in the management group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion Community health management intervention can effectively improve master degree of knowledge of myopia prevention， help to recover visual acuity and reduce new occurrence of myopia， which is worthy of further clinical promotion.

[Key words] Community health management； Elementary school student； Prevention； Myopia

近視是一种眼睛看近处清楚而看远处模糊的状态，也是学生的常见病和多发病，近年来，随着人们生活方式改变，如电视、电脑的普及、学生学习负担的加重等因素影响，其患病率持续升高，且具有低龄化的趋势，严重影响学生的生活质量，故如何有效防治近视的发生具有重要的临床意义[1]。有研究表明，通过有效的干预手段可有效改善学生的用眼情况，有利于预防近视的发生[2]。对此，本研究通过给予小学生社区健康管理干预，探讨其对近视预防效果的影响，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

通过随机分层抽样法选取2014年9月～2015年6月期间某公立小学的三、四年级学生共346人作为管理组，同期选取办学规模和水平与之相近的另一间公立小学的三、四年级学生共324人作为对照组。……