李恩++刘加平

摘要：冬季现场调研与热环境测试表明，拉萨市现有居住建筑的缓冲空间能明显改善室内热环境。但当地非采暖房间冬季热环境仍较差，居住建筑采暖需求明显。当地采暖能耗与环境负荷增长趋势明显。以拉萨市常见的单元式住宅为基础建立了热工计算模型，模拟分析了南北向缓冲空间进深设计对冬季采暖能耗的影响规律。结果表明：南北向缓冲空间均能有效降低模型的采暖能耗，其中，随着南向缓冲进深增大，模型采暖能耗呈递增趋势；随北向缓冲空间进深增大，模型采暖能耗呈先降后增趨势，北向缓冲空间模型之间能耗差很小。缓冲空间优化设计模型与基础模型的能耗对比分析显示，合理设置的南北向缓冲空间能够大幅降低采暖能耗。

关键词：

缓冲空间；采暖能耗；被动式设计；建筑节能

Abstract：

Based on the analysis of winter field survey and thermal environment measurement， the bufferspace design can obviously improve indoor thermal environment in the residential buildings of Lhasa. However， the indoor winter thermal environment of nonheating rooms still need to be improved. Local people have strong heating demand for residential buildings. All the clues lead to the fast growing tendency of heating energy consumption and environmental load in Lhasa. The basic simulation models for understanding the bufferspace's effect to heating energy consumption are established from the common residential buildings in Lhasa， and the factors include south and north bufferspace's depth design. Result shows that bufferspace can obviously reduce winter heating energy consumption. Along with the south bufferspace's depth increasing， the heating energy consumption shows the tendency of continuous increasing； as for the north bufferspace， the tendency is firstly getting decreasing and then increasing， and the energy consumption among models is not large. The heating energy consumption comparison study between common model and optimal bufferspace design model shows that bufferspace design can obviously reduce the heating energy consumption.

Keywords：

bufferspace； heating energy consumption； passive design； building energy saving

拉萨是中国海拔最高的省会城市，其气候具有典型的高原城市气候特征：空气含氧量低，气压低，太阳辐射强烈，气温日较差大，最热月七月的平均温度为15.5 ℃，最冷月一月的平均温度为-1.6 ℃[1]。夏季非常凉爽，冬季采暖期长但平均温度并不特别低[2]。资料显示[35]，随着城市化进程的不断推进，拉萨住宅建筑已步入大面积建设阶段。同时，居民生活条件在逐步提高，生活方式逐渐趋同内陆。可以推断，城市建筑采暖能耗将持续增加。为了避免当地采暖能耗爆发性无序增长，对当地居住建筑采用高效被动式太阳能设计，以缓解冬季采暖能耗矛盾是在当地气候条件与自然资源双重约束下，实现可持续发展。……