冯雅++南艳丽++钟辉智

摘要：

如何兼顾冬夏两季建筑供暖空调负荷和能耗，保证室内热环境质量，确定最适宜的热工特性，是长期困扰中国南方建筑围护结构热工与节能设计的难点。通过对夏热冬冷和夏热冬暖地区建筑在采暖、空调与自然通风条件下动态热过程的分析，研究了这一地区围护结构热特性与能耗的制约关系，以及对室内热环境与建筑热稳定性的作用机理。在兼顾冬季保温与夏季隔热的情况下，将建筑全年能耗作为控制目标，从室内热环境质量、节能效果、围护结构的安全性、可靠性、经济性和实用性等角度评价目前所采用的围护结构节能技术存在的问题，提出一种适宜南方气候的建筑围护结构热特性指标及构造形式。

关键词：

南方地区；围护结构；热工设计；节能设计

Abstract：

In southern area of china， the problem that balancing heating load in winter with cooling load in summer to ensure indoor thermal comfort when designing building envelop still remains. In this article， the correlation between thermal characteristics of building envelope and energy load is found by analyzing dynamic thermal process of buildings in hot summer and cold（warm）winter zones. In addition， the thermal characteristics of building envelope which affect indoor thermal environment and thermal stability of building are revealed. Also， the impact mechanism of enclosure thermal performance on indoor thermal environment and thermal stability is studied. By taking the balance between winter heat preservation and summer heat dissipation into consideration， the calculation of annual building energy consumption would be carried out， based on which the existing enclosure energysaving method is evaluated from the standpoint of energysaving effect， safety， reliability， economy and practicability. Finally， the climaticsuitable thermal design and its structure type of the enclosure is proposed.

Keywords：

southern area；building envelope；building thermal design；energysaving design

圍护结构保温隔热是影响建筑节能最为重要的因素之一，围护结构材料的保温性、耐久性和安全性问题也是国内外长期关注的重点。北美、欧盟、日本等发达国家采用钢结构、木结构及木框架结构的建筑占70%以上，围护结构构造主要采用龙骨+保温隔热材料+装饰面板的做法，工业化水平高，质量稳定，能很好地解决矿（岩）棉、聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板（EPS）、聚苯乙烯挤塑泡沫板（XPS）等高效有机保温隔热材料作为围护结构保温隔热系统的安全性与可靠性、耐候性、透汽性，以及受热应力影响的膨胀与收缩、裂缝、以及材料体系老化等问题[13]。但对于传统砖石、混凝土外墙等保温隔热体系，国外相关技术标准[2]并未做出详细的性能要求。……