王纳新+于秀

摘 要：道家文化催生道教，道教是实践“道”的探索，道教造就内丹术，内丹术孕化炁功（气功）和内家拳；传统武术以道家文化的“道”“德”“阴阳”“五行”等为理论渊源，彰显了其“尊道贵德”的精神价值；武术“天人合一”的形构隐含道家文化基因和精神编码，内家拳桩功、套路的最高境界是道家的“天人合一”，“以武入道”是传统武术文化的终极精神。

关键词：传统武术；道家文化；渊源；精神

中图分类号：G852 文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-2076（2017）03-0059-04

Abstract： Opinions are divided on the relationship between traditional Wushu and traditional culture. By using methods of literature data and dialectical logic analysis， we explore the origin and spiritof traditional Wushu culturefromthe perspective of cultural morphology，cultural anthropology and religious studies. The results show that Taoist culture has created Taoism and Taoism is the practice of "Tao" exploration； Taoism has created Internal Alchemy， which thenhas made Qigong and inner boxing； traditional Wushu culture based on theoretical origin of Taoist culture， i.e.， "Tao"， "De"， "Yin and Yang，" "Wu Xing"， highlights the spiritual value of respect for morality. Wushu'sstructure that man is an integral part of nature implies Taoist culture gene and spirit coding. The highest realm of inner boxing's power of stake and routines is Taoist unity of "nature and man" and to become a Taoist by way of Wushu is the ultimate spirit of traditional Wushu culture.

Key words： traditionalWushu；Taoist culture； origin；spirit

传统武术文化渊源与精神的研究，基本有三个路径：一是渊源说。如孙岩成认为，武术文化的历史渊源与广博，基本能够覆盖传统文化的全部领域[1]。刘鑫等认为，中国武术凝聚着儒释道的伦理，武术文化之精神价值是天人合一， 以人为本，贵和尚中，刚健有为[2]。二是武德说。如蔡仲林等认为，武术文化尚武崇德的精神，对于塑造中华民族精神起到不可估量的作用[3]。郭玉成等认为，爱国主义、厚德载物、尊师重道、见义勇为等文化基因，从武术中都能体现[4]。三是武道论。如刘玮等认为，侠义精神彰显习武之人崇德尚义、自强不息的精神气质[5]。杨建营认为，武术精神集中体现于《周易》中的“刚健自强”，是中华民族复兴的必备[6]。武术渊源考据艰难繁琐，多数学者侧重社会关系视角，即“伦理—道德”意义分析模式，赋予传统武术以优秀民族文化的责任与担当。对于道德模式分析框架中道德的生化关系分析却鲜有论述。少数学者关注武术文化的个体价值，但是又多重视“刚健、自强不息”等意志层面，往往忽略其个体修行成就价值。……