羊肉与鸭肉的分子生物学鉴别技术
2017-06-14孙海新孙丕春刘伟张慧
孙海新+孙丕春+刘伟+张慧



摘 要:本研究建立羊肉与鸭肉的分子生物学鉴别方法,以羊肉和鸭肉线粒体细胞色素b基因(cytb)为特征靶基因,设计1 条通用上游引物F和2 条特异性下游引物:R羊、R鸭,并按照一定浓度比例组成混合引物,进行一次聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增即可获得目的DNA片段,根据琼脂糖凝胶电泳的DNA条带大小来判断羊肉中是否掺杂鸭肉。结果表明:当被检样本在367 bp和480 bp处分别出现特异性条带时,说明该样本的羊肉中掺杂了鸭肉;当被检样本在367 bp处出现特异性条带,而在480 bp处未出现特异性条带时,则说明该样本的羊肉中没有掺杂鸭肉。该方法准确、可靠、简单快捷,可用于食品中肉类种属的筛选和肉类掺假的检测和监管。
关键词:羊肉;鸭肉;分子生物学;鉴别
Abstract: This study has established a molecular biological method for the identification of mutton adulterated with duck meat. Based on the target genes, namely the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) sequences of mutton and duck, we designed one universal forward primer (F) and two specific reverse primers (Rmutton and Rduck) and mixed them in a certain proportion. The target DNA fragments were obtained by one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. By the sizes of the DNA bands in the agarose gel, we judged whether the mutton was adulterated with duck. Results indicated that duck adulteration in the tested samples could be confirmed by the appearance of specific bands at both 367 and 480 bp. On the other hand, the appearance of specific bands at 367 bp but not at 480 bp could not confirm mutton adulteration with duck. The proposed method in this study was accurate, reliable, simple, quick and useful for meat species screening and the detection and supervision of adulterated meat.
Key words: mutton; duck; molecular biology; identification
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201705009
中圖分类号:TS251.7 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2017)05-0046-05
羊肉性温,中医认为进食羊肉可以补虚益气,促进人体血液循环,提高抵抗力,因此羊肉成为冬季滋补及抗寒的重要食物来源[1]。近年来,随着生活水平的不断提高,羊肉及其制品的消费量不断上升,涮羊肉、烤羊肉等都深受消费者的喜爱[2]。然而部分商贩为了获取不法利益,利用食品质量检测手段的不足,用价格相对低廉的肉类冒充羊肉或者将其掺入羊肉中进行贩卖,尤其是羊肉卷和羊肉串等加工后的羊肉制品,消费者难以从形态纹理和肉质口感上对其进行识别,这种掺假造假的行为严重干扰市场秩序,影响消费者的身体健康和合法权益[3-5],因此加强对该类食品的品质鉴别十分必要。……
