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高中英语语法主题式复习探究

2017-06-12李明华

校园英语·上旬 2017年5期
关键词:构成主语

李明华

一、引言

语言是交际最基本的形式和手段,各种语言的语句都有它的语义功能。倒装句倒装的语义功能有两种:一是语法倒装,二是修辞倒装。前者是出于语法上的需要,非用倒装语系不可,有强制性;后者出于达到某种修辞效果(如强调、平衡、衔接、描绘)在高中语法倒装句的教学中,我们的目标是:1.依据新课标及考纲要求,认识倒装句在英语句型中的重要性。2.从结构上分清全倒装与部分倒装的主谓语系。在现行的新教材和近年来的各省、市、全国高考题中,倒装句都是学习的重点和考核的重点,尤其是在书面表达中,若善用倒装句,更能生动地表情达意并获高分。因此,研究、学习、运用倒装句是非常必要的。如为了修辞和经典语言的表达,下例名段用了倒装表现手法:

请欣赏朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:

Out of the bosom of the Air,挣脱苍天的怀抱

Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,冲出她摇摆的云叠衣衫

Over the woodlands brown and bare,飘过棕色赤裸的林地

Over the harvest-fields forsaken,飞越被遗弃的丰收田

Silent,and soft,and slow,悄悄轻轻慢慢地

Descends the snow.雪花飘落

二、呈现。倒装类型

全倒装:表示运动方向或地点的副词位于句首/表示地点的介词短语句位于句首/ 表语位于句首/表示祝愿的句子 +谓语动词+主语+其它;

部份倒装:only+状语位于句首/否定、半否定词位于句首/neither,nor,so,引导的结构位于句首/省略的虚拟条件状语从句/表示祝愿的句子 + 功能动词 + 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其它;

例1:全部倒装句(摘自高中教材)

Among the speakers was Chinas Premier Zhu Rongji.(高二)

There exist serious problems and there is still time to take action (高二上)

Topical for China is the crosstalk show,… (高一下)

Then came a smell of sulphur,and the flames.(高二上 )

例2:部份倒装句

1)Only when your identity has been checked are you allowed in .(上海)

2)The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.(NMET)

3)—Its nice. Never before have I had such a special drink!(2011福建)

4)Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation (高二上)

三、观察与思考

观察以上例句,我们发现全部倒装句与部分倒装句在句子的结构上有何不同。把观察的重点放在主语、谓语上发现:

1.全倒装是由“如there/among/then 等相关键词(组+谓语动词+主语+其它”构成。

2.部分倒装是由“如only/never/nor等关键词+功能动词(即助动词或情态动词)+主语+谓语动词+其它”构成。

四、巧解倒装句

从以上例句可看出,倒装句句型复杂难以掌握,但英语语言的表达结构跟我们的母语一样,只要我们善于观察、归纳总结,都能找到它们之间的规律,以便学习记忆和运用。

请看下例顺口溜:

方位提前全倒装,thus、now、then、such帮;

表语句首展头角,Long live China!全都(音倒)上;

程频、虚拟、否定半,neither、nor、so、让步状,

only+状语开了头,May you have great fun!

还有个别特殊词,单独记记又何妨。

诠释:方位:指there、here 或out、in、up、down、away、near、in the distance、off、on、under、below、above、round等表示方位或位置变移的副词置于句首时,thus、now、then、such置于句首时,用全倒装句子式:

例:1) Near the tree were two boys playing football.

2) Round the corner is walking an old man .(但是,当主语是人称代词时,主谓不倒装,如:Out went Tom.→Out he went.)

3)Then/Thus followed two days of heavy snow.

五、巩固

1)Thus followed three days of rain(倒装)

2)Now comes my turn.( 倒装)

3)Rock music is OK,and so is skiing.(高一上)

4)I dont enjoy singing,nor do I like computers. (高一上)

5)Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.

(高二上)

6)In front of the house is sitting a boy .

7)?—I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!

—Neither would I .(全国卷Ⅲ)

8)I failed in the final examination last term and only then did I realize

the importance of studies.(NMET4重庆)

9)Maybe you have been to many countries; but nowhere else can you find _ such a beautiful palace.(NMET辽寧)

10)However late he is,Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.(NMET)

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