宋以玲 于建 肖承泽 陈士更 李玉环 苏秀荣 丁方军

摘要[目的]研究加菌发酵牛粪对番茄生长及土壤理化性状的影响。[方法]采用盆栽试验方法，探讨普通牛粪、高温灭菌牛粪和加菌牛粪对土壤养分含量、酶活、微生物量以及番茄产量和含糖量的影响。[结果]与普通牛粪相比，加菌牛粪降低了根际土壤真菌数，提高了细菌和放线菌的数量；降低了土壤容重，提高了土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性以及番茄产量和含糖量，其中土壤中碱解氮、全氮、有效钾、有效磷分别显著提高了8.47%、15.66%、6.22% 和11.60%，而灭菌牛粪对番茄生长和土壤理化指标的影响与普通牛粪相似。[结论]加菌腐熟牛粪具有改土、提质、增产效果，因此作为生物有机肥在农业生产中具有广阔的发展前景。

关键词番茄；牛粪；土壤理化性状；根际微生物

中图分类号S144文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2017）26-0122-04

Effects of Fermented Cattle Manure on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Yield of Tomato

SONG Yiling1，2，YU Jian1，2， XIAO Chengze1，2， DING Fangjun1，2，3* et al

（1. Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Science & Technology Co. Ltd.， Taian， Shandong 271000；2. Engineering & Technology Research Center of High Efficient Utilization of Humic Acid of Shandong Province， Taian， Shandong 271000；3. College of Resources and Environment， Shandong Agricultural University， Taian， Shandong 271018）

Abstract[Objective] To investigate the effect of fermented cattle manure on tomato growth and soil physical and chemical properties. [Method]The effect of ordinary cattle manure， high temperature sterilized cattle manure and bacterial manure on soil nutrient content， enzyme activity， microbial biomass and tomato yield and sugar content was analyzed by pot experiment. [Result] Compared with ordinary cattle manure， bacterial manure decreased the amount of fungi， increased the amount of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil， reduced soil bulk density， improved soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activity， as well as tomato yield and sugar content. Soil available nitrogen，total nitrogen， available phosphorus， available potassium were significantly increased by 8.47%， 15.66%， 6.22% and 11.60%， while the influence of sterilized cattle manure on the growth and soil physical and chemical indexes of tomato was similar to that of ordinary cattle manure. [Conclusion] As a biological organic fertilizer， bacterial manure has broad prospects for development in agricultural production， because it has the effects of soil improvement， quality upgrading and yield increasing.

Key wordsTomato；Cattle manure；Soil physical and chemical properties；Rhizosphere microorganisms

生物有機肥是指以特定功能的微生物與动植物残体（如畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆等）为原料经无害化处理、腐熟后生成的一种兼具微生物肥和有机肥效果的新型肥料，这种肥料具有改善土壤环境、促进根际微生物生长繁殖、活化根际养分、增强土壤向作物提供营养的能力，同时还具有变废为宝、减轻有机废弃物及畜禽粪便对环境造成污染的能力[1]。已有研究表明，生物有机肥能显著提高木薯、烟草、黄瓜等作物的产量和品质，改良土壤理化性状[2-3]；改善设施栽培黄瓜根际微生态环境，促进根系生长，增强作物抗性[4]。近年来，生物有机肥已成为我国肥料开发和研究的热点，该研究的加菌腐熟牛粪具备以上生物有机肥特点，属于生物有机肥，因此，探讨其对作物生长和土壤环境的影响具有重要的意义。……