摘要[目的]环保酵素由鲜蔬果廚余垃圾发酵而成，它具有很多活性酶和微生物菌群。探讨其改善土壤肥力的效应。[方法]试验土样为学校花圃土，用自制环保酵素稀释液浇灌花盆土土壤，测定全氮和有机质含量变化，并依据第二次全国土壤普查的土壤养分分级标准，评价环保酵素改善土壤肥力水平。[结果]随着浇灌时间的延长，环保酵素可以逐渐提高土壤全氮和有机质含量；而且土样中全氮和有机质含量随环保酵素的稀释比变化，稀释比越大，增加的越多。经过28 d的浇灌，在环保酵素和水体积比为1∶800时，全氮和有机质含量最高，分别为27.46和49.33 g/kg，土壤养分均达到一级水平。[结论]该研究可为餐厨垃圾的利用和土壤改良提供指导。

关键词环保酵素；土壤肥力；全氮；有机质

中图分类号S158文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2017）26-0119-03

Test Research of Soil Fertility Improved by Selfmade Garbage Enzyme

TONG Yujie

（Tianjin Vocation Institute，Tianjin 300410）

Abstract[Objective]Garbage enzyme is obtained by fermenting fruit and vegetable wastes. It has many active enzymes and microbiology flora. The effect of garbage enzyme to improve soil fertility was researched.[Method] Soil sample was from garden in the university，selfmade garbage enzyme was diluted and irrigated to flowerpot soil. Total nitrogen and organic matter were detected.According to soil nutrient classification standard of second general survey of soil in China， the levels of soil fertility were assessed. [Result] Garbage enzyme increased soil total nitrogen and organic matter with the growth of irrigation time. Soil total nitrogen and organic matter varied with the dilution ratio of garbage enzyme. The bigger the dilution ratios，the more the increasing amount.After four weeks irrigation， the dilution of which volume ratio of garbage and water was 1∶800 had the highest total nitrogen and organic matter （27.46 and 49.33 g/kg）.The level of soil nutrient was first class. [Conclusion]The research can provide guidance for restaurant garbage using and soil improvment.

Key wordsGarbage enzyme；Soil fertility；Total nitrogen；Organic matter

環保酵素是由厨余鲜垃圾加糖、水经发酵之后制成[1]。它的制作方法简单，用途很广，在日本和东南亚的家庭生活中广为利用[2]。环保酵素的英文名是Garbage enzyme（由垃圾制得的酶），中文名之所以冠以环保，是因为它减少垃圾，在使用中与环境相容。由于制作环保酵素所需的主要原料是厨余鲜垃圾，在经济的前提下同时做到了环保。

关于环保酵素对土壤的作用，国内学者研究其对土壤中有效氮、全氮、有机质和钾元素的影响[3-4]，以及对残余农药的降解作用[5]。

土壤肥力是指土壤在植物生长发育过程中，不断地供给植物有效养分和水分的能力，同时自动地协调最适宜的土壤空气和土壤温度的能力。……