摘要[目的]明确德宏烟区中等肥力土壤下，氮磷钾施用量对烤烟红花大金元产质量的影响。[方法]在云南省梁河县勐养镇芒轩村进行了红花大金元品种不同施肥量的小区对比试验。[结果]随着施氮量和氮磷钾比例的增加，上、中、下3个部位的烟叶成分协调性趋于较好，红花大金元生育期、烟叶外观质量没有显著差异，但产量、产值、均价与之呈正相关，其中A3B2处理产量、产值、均价最高，但是化学成分较不协调。[结论]以纯氮用量 105 kg/hm2 指导红花大金元施肥，不仅提高烟叶的产质量，还可提高效益。

关键词红花大金元；施肥量；产质量

中图分类号S572文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611（2017）26-0035-03

Effect of NPK Dosage on the Yield and Quality of Honghuadajinyuan Tobacco

SONG Yuchuan（Yunnan Aromatic Tobacco Co.，Ltd.，Baoshan，Yunnan 678000）

Abstract[Objective]Based on moderate fertility soil at Dehong smoke zone，to further clarify the influence of NPK dosage on yield and quality of Honghuadajinyuan tobacco.[Method] A comparative experiment was conducted to compare the different fertilization rates jinyuan tobacco in Mangxuan Village，Mengyang Town，Lianghe County，Yunnan Province.[Result] With the increase of N application rate and the ratio of NPK，the components of tobacco leaves in the upper，middle and lower parts tended to be better，growth period，the appearance of the leaves of Honghuadajinyuan had no significant differences，but they were closely relative to yield，output，average price.The treatment of A3B2 reached highest yield，output and average price，but the chemical composition was not harmonious.[Conclusion]Using 105 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen to guide the fertilizing of Honghuadajinyuan not only improve the quality and yield of tobacco leaves，but also improve the efficiency.

Key wordsHonghuadajinyuan；Fertilizing amount；Yield and quality

紅花大金元是具有典型“清香型”風格的烤烟品种，近年来受到各卷烟企业的青睐[1-3]。德宏作为云南新开发的烟区，是全省重要的特色烟叶后备战略基地，特色烤烟品种的开发和种植是德宏烟叶未来发展的基础，而红花大金元是德宏重要栽培品种之一。优质烟叶生产对生态条件和栽培措施有较高要求，生态条件在实际生产中很难改变，而栽培措施可人为控制[4-6]。已有研究表明，氮素是影响烤烟生长发育和产质量形成的重要营养元素[7]。适宜的施氮量是红花大金元种植的关键技术要求之一，氮肥用量少，影响产量和质量的形成；氮肥用量太多，导致烟叶化学成分不协调，品质变差[8-9]。在一定的环境、品种条件下，施肥不仅是决定烟叶产量、产值的第一因子，而且对烟叶均价、上等烟比例也有很大影响，其对烟叶香吃味的贡献仅次于品种，占24.80%[10]。……