周国勤 谢旭东 李宇峰 李玉翠 李刚 尹志刚 王磊 陈真真

摘要[目的]研究豫南稻茬小麦合理的氮肥施用量及其适宜播种方式。[方法]以信麦9号为材料，研究信麦9号在条播和撒播2种播种方式下，不同氮肥（0、150和225 kg/hm2）施用量对信麦9号植株生长发育及其产量的影响。[结果]增施氮肥可显著提高小麦产量，主要是通过在保证穗数的前提下，提高穗粒数来实现的，而对千粒重的影响较小。增施氮肥显著提高信麦9号的株高、穗长及其每穗小穗数，降低不孕小穗数；其中不孕小穗数对产量的影响更大。增施氮肥显著降低了植株主茎叶龄，增加了单株次生根条数及叶片的叶绿素含量，改善了信麦9号的茎蘖动态变化。撒播与条播相比，撒播在适氮环境下产量较高，条播在高氮环境下产量较高。[结论]在一定范围内增施氮肥可显著提高小麦的产量，改善植株的生长发育，可对豫南稻茬麦区信麦9号的生产提供科学的理论指导。

关键词信麦9号；氮肥施用量；产量

中图分类号S512.1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2017）26-0025-04

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Growth and Development of Plant，and Grain Yield in Xinmai 9

ZHOU Guoqin， XIE Xudong， LI Yufeng* et al

（Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Xinyang，Henan 464000）

Abstract[Objective] The aim is to research the reasonable nitrogen application rates and proper sowing methods.[Method] Taking Xinmai 9 as trial material，the effects of nitrogen application rates on growth and development and grain yield of wheat were studied using two sowing methods（mechanical drilling and artificial broadcasting）and three nitrogen levels（0，150，225 kg/hm2） . [Result] The application of N fertilizer can increase the grain yield of wheat significantly by ensuring spike number mainly and grain number per spike，but the effect on 1 000grain weight was not significant. The application of N fertilizer significantly increased the plant height，spike length and the number of grains per spike， but decreased the number of infertile ears；and the effect of the number of infertile ears on grain yield was greater. The application of N fertilizer significantly decreased leaf age of main stem，but increased secondary roots and chlorophyll content of flag leaf，and improved the dynamic of tillers of Xinmai 9 . Compared with the mechanical drilling， the grain yield of artificial broadcasting was higher under lowN，but the grain yield of mechanical drilling was higher under highN. [Conclusion] The application of N fertilizer within certain limits could increase the grain yield of wheat significantly，and improve the growth and development of winter wheat plant，which can offer theoretical guidance for winter wheat production in southern Henan Province.

Key wordsXinmai 9；Nitrogen application rates；Grain yield

氮肥作為植株生长发育所必需的大量营养元素之一，对控制小麦产量和品质具有重要作用[1-4]。 前人关于氮肥对小麦产量及植株生长发育的影响的研究较多，朱新开等[5]研究表明，中筋小麦扬麦10号施氮量在266.50 kg/hm2时，增施氮肥可以提高小麥产量，施氮量在266.50～309.98 kg/hm2时，增施氮肥籽粒产量开始下降，超过309.98 kg/hm2时，再增施氮肥，籽粒产量下降幅度较大。张定一等[6]研究表明，施氮量对穗数、成穗数和产量的影响较大，籽粒质量和品质主要取决于品种的遗传特性。……