赵静+张世民+张雷+刘绍东+罗新宁

摘 要：以中棉所92（CCRI-92）和中棉所60（CCRI-60）为材料，开展南疆膜下滴灌棉花不同灌水量对棉花叶绿素影响的田间试验，分析不同灌水量处理棉花叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a/b、叶绿素总量的变化。结果表明：在棉花整个生育期，采用不同的灌水量灌溉，各处理叶片中叶绿素含量及其叶绿素组成比例不同。水分胁迫初期，由于棉花自身抗逆系统的保护，叶绿素含量出现小幅度增加。生育后期，严重的干旱会造成叶绿素分解，植物光合作用受到抑制。水分胁迫程度越严重，叶绿素含量下降趋势越明显，但不同品种棉花在水分胁迫后与对照组相比，叶绿素含量产生显著差异的时期不同。

关键词：棉花；水分胁迫；叶绿素；产量

中图分类号：S562 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.06.002

Abstract： Field experiments were conducted in 2015 to study the effects of different irrigation amount on cotton leave chlorophyll change in Southern Xinjiang. Taking CCRI-92 and CCRI-60（Gossypium hirsutum L.） as material with technology of drip irrigation under film， the change of chlorophyll a， chlorophyll b， chlorophyll a / b and total chlorophyll under different irrigation was analyzed. The results showed that the whole growth stage with different irrigation treatment the content of chlorophyll and chlorophyll compositions were different. At the early stage of water stress， the content of chlorophyll slightly increased due to the protection of self-stress resistance system of cotton， then at the end of the cotton growth stage severe drought resulted in the decomposition of chlorophyll， photosynthesis was inhibited. With the water stress increased， the content of chlorophyll obviously decreased. Compared with contrast， under water stress the chlorophyll content of different cotton variety had significant difference at different period.

Key words： cotton； water stress； chlorophyll； yield

中国是一个水资源紧缺的国家[1]。新疆位于我国西北内陆，气候干旱，降雨量少，水资源匮乏，面临严峻的水资源问题[2]。

水分胁迫会使光合作用减弱，叶绿素是作物进行光合作用积累干物质不可缺少的组分，其含量变化是反映作物生理生化状况的重要指标。水分胁迫会减弱棉花的光合作用，减少干物质积累，严重时会损伤叶绿体结构，造成减产[3]。水分胁迫对棉花产量的影响以及如何提高棉花水分利用效率已成为当前研究热点，但大多局限在盆栽试验[4]。南疆是重要的棉花种植区[5-6]。本试验针对南疆棉花生产面临水资源紧缺的现实，在中国农业科学院棉花研究所十团试验站开展大田试验，研究不同品种棉花叶绿素对水分胁迫的响应，以期为制定合理的灌溉制度提供理论依据。……