王丹+孙杨

摘 要：以北方常见的3种野生地被植物荠菜、盐芥、紫花地丁为材料，通过徒手切片，观察3种植物的叶片表皮毛、气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔大小、叶片厚度、叶表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶脉厚度，测定叶片栅栏组织结构紧密度（CTR）、海绵组织结构紧密度等指标，比较3种植物的抗旱性，为今后在园林中的推广应用和生产实践提供理论依据。结果显示，在表皮毛及氣孔特征上，荠菜和紫花地丁的抗旱能力表现得更强；在解剖结构特征上，盐芥叶片的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度均显著高于紫花地丁和荠菜，紫花地丁叶片的主脉厚度及CTR明显高于盐芥和荠菜；隶属函数综合评价显示，3种地被植物抗旱能力表现为紫花地丁最强，盐芥与荠菜基本一致。

关键词：地被植物；叶片；解剖结构；抗旱性

中图分类号：S688.4 文献标识码 A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.06.001

Abstract： This test material is three common wild ground cover plants in the North， Thellungiella salsuginea， Capsella bursa-pastoris， Viola philippica. Sliced by hand， the leaf epidermis， stomatal density， stomatal size， leaf thickness， leaf epidermis thickness， palisade tissue thickness， leaf thickness， spongy tissue thickness were observed. The leaf palisade structure and the tightness of blade structure were determined. The drought resistance of three plants was compared. This could provide theoretical basis for the application and production practice in the garden from now on. The results showed that Capsella bursa-pastoris and Viola philippica were stronger drought resistance on the epidermis and stomatal characteristics. The leaf thickness， palisade tissue thickness and spongy tissue thickness of Thellungiella salsuginea on the anatomical characters of 3 cover plants was significantly higher than Viola philippica and Capsella bursa-pastoris.The blade main vein roughness and CTR of Viola philippica were significantly higher than Thellungiella salsuginea and Capsella bursa-pastoris. The comprehensive evaluation showed that Viola philippica had the most strongest drought resistance in the three wild clover plants by the membership function， Thellungiella salsuginea and Capsella bursa-pastoris were the same.

Key words： clover plant； blade； anatomic structure； drought resistance

地被植物作为城市园林绿化建设的重要组成部分不仅增加了绿地的绿量、提高了绿化覆盖率，而且通过丰富乔、灌、草的层次和稳定人工植物群落的生态系统，提高了城市绿地的生态效益和景观价值，其重要性已越来越被人们所认识[1]。野生地被植物对当地的自然环境具有很强的适应能力，在生长过程中不会因气候及土壤条件而受到制约，也不会像外来草种那样需要刻意地为其营造适合的环境[2-5]。天津是全国水资源最缺乏的城市之一，加之植物生长的自然环境相对较差，园林绿化工作中除草坪外，其他地被植物种类较少。……