渭南市果园节肢动物群落组成与多样性特征
2017-05-13吴逸群余婷许秀
吴逸群+余婷+许秀



摘要:2016年4月12-18日调查了陕西省渭南市果园节肢动物多样性,结果显示,果园节肢动物504头,隶属4纲、12目、34科、54种。果园的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)为3.49、Shannon均匀度指数(J)为13.93、Berger-Parker(D)优势度指数为0.083。优势类群是鞘翅目、半翅目、膜翅目,这三个目占总捕获量的比例最大,物种数量比例分别为38.29%、18.65%和18.45%。植食性节肢动物28种,共343头;捕食性节肢动物18种,共120头;腐食性及中性节肢动物6种,共31头,它们的物种数量占总捕获量的比例依次为53.85%、34.62%和11.54%。调查结果可为开展关中经济地区果园节肢动物方面的研究提供基础资料。
关键词:果园;节肢动物多样性;渭南市
中图分类号:S718.69 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)07-1273-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.07.018
Arthropod Community Composition and Diversity Characteristic in Orchard of Weinan
WU Yi-qun, YU Ting, XU Xiu
(College of Chemistry and Environment Sciences, Weinan Normal University,Weinan 714099, Shaanxi, China)
Abstract: An investigation on the arthropod diversity in orchard of Weinan was conducted on April 12-18,2016. The results showed that there were 504 orchard arthropods, belonging to 54 species,34 families,12 orders in 4 classes. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′), Shannon evenness index(J), Berger-Parker dominance index(D) value of orchard were 3.49, 13.93,0.083 respectively. The dominant groups were Coleoptera,Hemiptera, Hymenoptera,they occupied the largest proportion of total capture and accounted for 38.29%,18.65% and 18.45% of species number respectively. There were 28 kinds of herbivorous arthropods,18 kinds of predatory arthropods, and 6 kinds of saprophagous and neutral arthropods,amounting to 343,120,and 31 heads respectively. The proportion of their species accounted for 53.85%, 34.62% and 11.54% of total catch in turn. The results may provide basic information for the research on orchard arthropod in Guanzhong economic area.
Key words: orchard; arthropod diversity; Weinan city
節肢动物作为自然界不可或缺的角色,它对生物界中物种数量和种类的平衡有着重要的意义[1]。节肢动物在人们赖以生存的环境中是随处可见的,因此可见它分布之广[2],更重要的是节肢动物群落结构细微的变化都有可能对整个生态系统的稳定性造成很大的威胁。因此,人类对节肢动物群落多样性也在不断地进行调查、统计、分析,调查的结果提供了非常重要的研究数据[3,4],这样才能更好地对生物多样性进行保护。而在果业中对节肢动物群落多样性的组成、分布和丰富度的调查也日益成为研究热点[5]。
中国是水果生产的第一大国,果业生产发展迅速,带动了人们的经济水平,提高了人们的生活质量[6]。陕西省渭南市的果业发展十分迅速,有桃树、梨树、杏树、苹果树、核桃树等,且产业链发展已逐步成熟。……
