适宜南方红壤坡耕地种植的苎麻品种筛选
2017-05-13熊伟汪红武汤涤洛
熊伟+汪红武+汤涤洛



摘要:以湘苎3号(深根型)、华苎4号(中根型)、黄壳麻(浅根型)3个苎麻[Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.]品种为材料,选择出适宜南方红壤山坡地种植的苎麻品种。结果表明,浅根型的黄壳麻在山坡地种植具有保持水土、缺兜率低的优势,是适宜红壤山坡地种植的苎麻品种。
关键词:苎麻[Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.];南方红壤;坡耕地;水土流失
中图分类号:S563.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)07-1211-02
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.07.003
Screening of Ramie Varieties Suitable for Planting in Slope Cultivated Land of Red Soil in Southern China
XIONG Wei,WANG Hong-wu,TANG Di-luo
(Xianning Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Ramie Engineering Technology Center of Hubei Province, Xianning 437100, Hubei, China)
Abstract: To screen ramie varieties that was suitable for slope cultivated land of red soil in southern China, three types of ramie varieties including Xiangzhu No.3(deep root type), Huazhu No.4(middle root type) and yellow shell ramie (shallow root type) were chosen as materials. The results showed that yellow shell ramie had the advantage of conserving soil and water and high emergence rate. So, yellow shell ramie is suitable for planting slope cultivated land of red soil.
Key words: ramie[Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.]; red soil in southern China; slope cultivated land; soil erosion
紅壤是中国长江流域以南各种红色或黄色酸性土壤的总称,面积2.18亿hm2,占全国土地面积的22.7%。丰富的光、热、水条件使低丘红壤的综合开发利用成为该区农业可持续发展的突破口,是中国重要的土壤资源和多种农林产品的主产区[1]。
苎麻[Boehmeria nivea(L.) Gaudich.]是中国特有的以纺织为主要用途的农作物,中国的苎麻产量约占全世界苎麻产量的90%以上,在国际上称为“中国草”。苎麻是多年生荨麻科苎麻属亚灌木或灌木植物,是重要的纤维纺织原材料,较适应温带和亚热带气候。对于平原地区,随着人均耕地日益缩小和粮麻争地矛盾的日趋突出,平原湖区苎麻种植必然要转向山丘区[2,3]。山坡地苎麻的筛选首先考虑基因,其次是环境的影响[4-6]。由于南方红壤山坡地水土流失严重,造成土壤肥力流失严重,而有研究表明,施肥对苎麻头麻、二麻、三麻产量的影响很大[7],因此选育品种时还需要注重对肥水的控制[8,9]。筛选适合南方红壤坡耕地种植的苎麻可以解决坡耕地苎麻的品种优势,提高坡耕地苎麻的产量,增加农民收入[10,11]。本研究在湖北省咸宁市崇阳区红壤坡耕地对3份苎麻材料的水流失情况、3季产量和缺蔸率进行了比较,以期为湖北红壤坡耕地的品种筛选积累资料。……
